BIO 2301 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY - 1 (CSCC - SU18) COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+

BIO 2301 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY - 1
(CSCC - SU18) COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+

◍ Diffusion.
Answer: The movement of solutes from high to low concentration
◍ Osmosis.
Answer: The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
from low to high concentration
◍ Tonicity.
Answer: The osmotic effect that a solution has on a cell
◍ Osmolarity of a solution.
Answer: The number of solute particles per solutionCan be measured
◍ Tonicity of a solution.
Answer: The osmotic effect the solution has on a cellCannot be measured
◍ How to calculate the osmolarity from molarity and solute dissociation.
Answer: Molarity x # of particles
◍ What would happen to a RBC in a hypotonic solution (less than 300).
Answer: Lyse/swell
◍ What would happen to a RBC in an isotonic solution (300).
Answer: Nothing
◍ What would happen to a RBC in a hypertonic solution (more than 300).
Answer: Crenate

, ◍ Penetrating solutes.
Answer: Molecules that can move freely past the cell membraneDoes not
require osmosisCells will always be hypotonic
◍ Non-penetrating solutes.
Answer: Molecules that cannot move freely past the cell membraneRequire
osmosisCells will be hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic
◍ What factors speed up diffusion rate.
Answer: Higher concentration gradientHigher temperatureLarger surface
areaSmaller molecules
◍ How many particles are in distilled water.
Answer: 0
◍ How many particles are in glucose.
Answer: 1
◍ How many particles are in NaCl.
Answer: 2
◍ How many particles are in NH4Cl.
Answer: 2
◍ How many particles are in urea.
Answer: 1
◍ Is glucose penetrating.
Answer: No
◍ Is NH4Cl penetrating.
Answer: Yes
◍ Is urea penetrating.
Answer: Yes
◍ What is considered hypertensive BP.
Answer: 140/90
◍ Electrical activity of the heart.