BIO 101 EXAM 2 ACTUAL PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
CERTIFICATION READY
◉ If a protein is involved in passive transport across the membrane
then the process is called:
Answer: facilitated diffusion
◉ If molecules taken into the cell go from a Low concentration of
that substance outside the cell to a High concentration ([L] to [H])
inside the cell through a carrier protein, then what is the process
called? And what does it need for energy?
Answer: It is called ACTIVE transport and needs ATP for energy
◉ What happens if a red blood cell is put in a HYPOtonic solution?
Answer: it will swell up and burst
◉ What happens if a red blood cell is put in a HYPERtonic solution?
Answer: it will shrivel (plasmolysis)
◉ What happens if a plant cell is put in a HYPOtonic solution?
,Answer: it will become rigid since the central vacuole creates
TURGOR PRESSURE pushing against the cell wall which prevents
wilting
◉ What are two examples of ENDOCYTOSIS? What do they do? What
do they require?
Answer: 1. Phagocytosis (which means "cell eating") takes in LARGE
molecules or cells
2. Pinocytosis (which means "cell drinking") takes in SMALL
particles dissolved in fluid
BOTH require ATP
◉ Glucose enters the cell through what process? Why?
Answer: Glucose enters the cell through the process of FACILITATED
diffusion since it uses carrier proteins and does not require energy
input (passive transport)
◉ Carbon DiOxide (CO2) and Oxygen (O2) enters the cell through
the phospholipid bilayer by what process? Why?
Answer: They enter through the process of SIMPLE diffusion since
they are non polar and do not require energy input (passive
transport)
, ◉ How does water enter the cell, and by what process?
Answer: Water enters the cell through PROTEINS in the membrane
called AQUAPORINS by the process of OSMOSIS which does not
require energy input (passive transport)
◉ What does ACTIVE transport require?
Answer: ATP
◉ What is established by a positive charge on the outside of a nerve
cell membrane?
Answer: the sodium-potassium pump (Na-K)
◉ What are enzymes and what are their functions?
Answer: Enzymes are CATALYSTS that speed up chemical reactions
◉ If energy is stored in the product of a reaction, the chemical
reaction is:
Answer: Endergonic
◉ What does the SUBSTRATE bind to on an ENZYME?
Answer: the active site
◉ Name 3 factors that effect the function of enzymes:
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
CERTIFICATION READY
◉ If a protein is involved in passive transport across the membrane
then the process is called:
Answer: facilitated diffusion
◉ If molecules taken into the cell go from a Low concentration of
that substance outside the cell to a High concentration ([L] to [H])
inside the cell through a carrier protein, then what is the process
called? And what does it need for energy?
Answer: It is called ACTIVE transport and needs ATP for energy
◉ What happens if a red blood cell is put in a HYPOtonic solution?
Answer: it will swell up and burst
◉ What happens if a red blood cell is put in a HYPERtonic solution?
Answer: it will shrivel (plasmolysis)
◉ What happens if a plant cell is put in a HYPOtonic solution?
,Answer: it will become rigid since the central vacuole creates
TURGOR PRESSURE pushing against the cell wall which prevents
wilting
◉ What are two examples of ENDOCYTOSIS? What do they do? What
do they require?
Answer: 1. Phagocytosis (which means "cell eating") takes in LARGE
molecules or cells
2. Pinocytosis (which means "cell drinking") takes in SMALL
particles dissolved in fluid
BOTH require ATP
◉ Glucose enters the cell through what process? Why?
Answer: Glucose enters the cell through the process of FACILITATED
diffusion since it uses carrier proteins and does not require energy
input (passive transport)
◉ Carbon DiOxide (CO2) and Oxygen (O2) enters the cell through
the phospholipid bilayer by what process? Why?
Answer: They enter through the process of SIMPLE diffusion since
they are non polar and do not require energy input (passive
transport)
, ◉ How does water enter the cell, and by what process?
Answer: Water enters the cell through PROTEINS in the membrane
called AQUAPORINS by the process of OSMOSIS which does not
require energy input (passive transport)
◉ What does ACTIVE transport require?
Answer: ATP
◉ What is established by a positive charge on the outside of a nerve
cell membrane?
Answer: the sodium-potassium pump (Na-K)
◉ What are enzymes and what are their functions?
Answer: Enzymes are CATALYSTS that speed up chemical reactions
◉ If energy is stored in the product of a reaction, the chemical
reaction is:
Answer: Endergonic
◉ What does the SUBSTRATE bind to on an ENZYME?
Answer: the active site
◉ Name 3 factors that effect the function of enzymes:
