BIO 101 FINAL EXAM STRAIGHTERLINE
FALL 2022 CERTIFICATION PAPER 2026
FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ what are prokaryotes. Answer: they are organisms that exist as single
cells. They do not have a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles.
ex archaea and bacteria
⩥ what are eukaryotes. Answer: they are cells that have more complex
internal organization. They have a nucleus and other organelles. ex
plants and animals
⩥ explain diffusion. Answer: its the movement of particles from high
concentration to low concentration. i.e. spraying perfume to one area
(high) of the room but eventually spread out to the entire room (low)
⩥ explain osmosis. Answer: the movement of water from HYPOtonic
solution to HYPERtonic solution. i.e. used to balance amount of salt
particles in the water to make it neutral
⩥ why does cell division occur. Answer: GROWTH
multi-celled organisms originate from a single cell, this is necessary for
organisms to grow
REPAIR
,to replace damaged or dead cells
⩥ how does a cell replicate successfully. Answer: the cell's genetic info
must be copied
copies of the genetic info must be separated from each other
the cell must divide
⩥ what is asexual reproduction. Answer: when cells replicate and divide
for growth. single celled organisms go through binary fusion while
multicellular will go through mitosis and cytokinesis
⩥ three stages of a cell. Answer: interphase
mitosis
cytokinesis
⩥ what is interphase. Answer: the first phase of the cell, the cell will
grow, function replicate DNA and prepare for cell division
⩥ what is mitosis. Answer: the process of chromosomes being torn apart
to create two daughter nuclei
⩥ stages of mitosis. Answer: Prophase
Metaphase
, Anaphase
Telophase
⩥ explain the first phase of mitosis. Answer: in the process of prophase,
the chromosomes will thicken and condense. The nucleolus will
disappear and centrosomes begin to from spindle fibres on each end of
the cell
⩥ explain the second phase of mitosis. Answer: in the process of
metaphase, chromosomes gets aligned together in the middle of the cell.
The spindle fibres on each end of the cell attaches to each of the
centromeres (in the middle of the chromosomes.)
⩥ explain the third place of mitosis. Answer: in the process of anaphase,
the spindle fibres pulls the chromatid on each end of the cell. once
chromatid separate, they become a chromosome.
⩥ explain the fourth phase of mitosis. Answer: in the process of
telophase, two new daughter nuclei are formed and spindle fibres start to
disappear
⩥ How many chromosomes are in the cells the human body. Answer: 23
pairs (46 chromosomes)
⩥ DNA is known in the form of. Answer: chromosomes
FALL 2022 CERTIFICATION PAPER 2026
FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ what are prokaryotes. Answer: they are organisms that exist as single
cells. They do not have a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles.
ex archaea and bacteria
⩥ what are eukaryotes. Answer: they are cells that have more complex
internal organization. They have a nucleus and other organelles. ex
plants and animals
⩥ explain diffusion. Answer: its the movement of particles from high
concentration to low concentration. i.e. spraying perfume to one area
(high) of the room but eventually spread out to the entire room (low)
⩥ explain osmosis. Answer: the movement of water from HYPOtonic
solution to HYPERtonic solution. i.e. used to balance amount of salt
particles in the water to make it neutral
⩥ why does cell division occur. Answer: GROWTH
multi-celled organisms originate from a single cell, this is necessary for
organisms to grow
REPAIR
,to replace damaged or dead cells
⩥ how does a cell replicate successfully. Answer: the cell's genetic info
must be copied
copies of the genetic info must be separated from each other
the cell must divide
⩥ what is asexual reproduction. Answer: when cells replicate and divide
for growth. single celled organisms go through binary fusion while
multicellular will go through mitosis and cytokinesis
⩥ three stages of a cell. Answer: interphase
mitosis
cytokinesis
⩥ what is interphase. Answer: the first phase of the cell, the cell will
grow, function replicate DNA and prepare for cell division
⩥ what is mitosis. Answer: the process of chromosomes being torn apart
to create two daughter nuclei
⩥ stages of mitosis. Answer: Prophase
Metaphase
, Anaphase
Telophase
⩥ explain the first phase of mitosis. Answer: in the process of prophase,
the chromosomes will thicken and condense. The nucleolus will
disappear and centrosomes begin to from spindle fibres on each end of
the cell
⩥ explain the second phase of mitosis. Answer: in the process of
metaphase, chromosomes gets aligned together in the middle of the cell.
The spindle fibres on each end of the cell attaches to each of the
centromeres (in the middle of the chromosomes.)
⩥ explain the third place of mitosis. Answer: in the process of anaphase,
the spindle fibres pulls the chromatid on each end of the cell. once
chromatid separate, they become a chromosome.
⩥ explain the fourth phase of mitosis. Answer: in the process of
telophase, two new daughter nuclei are formed and spindle fibres start to
disappear
⩥ How many chromosomes are in the cells the human body. Answer: 23
pairs (46 chromosomes)
⩥ DNA is known in the form of. Answer: chromosomes
