BIO 116 EXAM 1 ACTUAL TEST QUESTIONS
AND EXPERT REVIEWED SOLUTIONS
●● Important characteristics of a good experiment?
Answer: -control groups
-experimental conditions must be constant
-repetition: reduces effect of distortion
●● What are proteins crucial for?
Answer: -Catalysis: enzymes speed up chemical reactions.
-Defense: antibodies and complement proteins attack and destroy viruses
and bacteria that cause disease.
-Movement: motor proteins and contractile proteins move the cell and
cargo inside the cell
-Signalling: carrying and receiving signals from cell to cell.
-Structure: make up body components and define shape of individual
cells
-Transport: allow specific molecules to enter or exit the cell and carry
specific compounds throughout the body.
●● Function of membranes?
Answer: -keep damaging materials outside the cell
-allow materials needed by the cell
,-facilitate the chemical reactions necessary for life
●● 3 Types of lipids?
Answer: 1) Fats: composed of 3 fatty acids linked to glycerol
2)Steroids: 4 ring structure ex) cholesterol
3)Phospholipids: glycerol linked to a phosphate group and to either 2
chains of isoprene by 2 F.A.
●● Structure of membrane lipids?
Answer: polar, hydrophilic region and a non-polar hydrophobic region
●● Phospholipid structure?
Answer: amphipathic
head- glycerol, phosphate, hydrophilic, polar
tail- fatty acid, non-polar, hydrophobic
●● Factors that influence the behaviour of the membrane?
Answer: -number of double bonds between carbon
-length of tail
-# of cholesterol molecules
-temperature
, ●● primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of a protein?
Answer: primary= its unique sequence
secondary= H bonds form between peptide chains (alpha helix and beta
pleated sheets)
tertiary= interaction of R-groups
quaternary= bonding of 2 or more subunits
●● Integral proteins?
Answer: amphipathic, span the membrane- can integrate into lipid
bilayers
●● Peripheral proteins?
Answer: outer, inner, or anchored in membrane
●● Transmembrane proteins?
Answer: 1) ion channels
2) carrier proteins or transporters
3) pumps
●● 3 mechanisms of membrane transport?
Answer: 1) Diffusion: passive
2) Facilitated diffusion: passive
3) Active transport: ATP required
AND EXPERT REVIEWED SOLUTIONS
●● Important characteristics of a good experiment?
Answer: -control groups
-experimental conditions must be constant
-repetition: reduces effect of distortion
●● What are proteins crucial for?
Answer: -Catalysis: enzymes speed up chemical reactions.
-Defense: antibodies and complement proteins attack and destroy viruses
and bacteria that cause disease.
-Movement: motor proteins and contractile proteins move the cell and
cargo inside the cell
-Signalling: carrying and receiving signals from cell to cell.
-Structure: make up body components and define shape of individual
cells
-Transport: allow specific molecules to enter or exit the cell and carry
specific compounds throughout the body.
●● Function of membranes?
Answer: -keep damaging materials outside the cell
-allow materials needed by the cell
,-facilitate the chemical reactions necessary for life
●● 3 Types of lipids?
Answer: 1) Fats: composed of 3 fatty acids linked to glycerol
2)Steroids: 4 ring structure ex) cholesterol
3)Phospholipids: glycerol linked to a phosphate group and to either 2
chains of isoprene by 2 F.A.
●● Structure of membrane lipids?
Answer: polar, hydrophilic region and a non-polar hydrophobic region
●● Phospholipid structure?
Answer: amphipathic
head- glycerol, phosphate, hydrophilic, polar
tail- fatty acid, non-polar, hydrophobic
●● Factors that influence the behaviour of the membrane?
Answer: -number of double bonds between carbon
-length of tail
-# of cholesterol molecules
-temperature
, ●● primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of a protein?
Answer: primary= its unique sequence
secondary= H bonds form between peptide chains (alpha helix and beta
pleated sheets)
tertiary= interaction of R-groups
quaternary= bonding of 2 or more subunits
●● Integral proteins?
Answer: amphipathic, span the membrane- can integrate into lipid
bilayers
●● Peripheral proteins?
Answer: outer, inner, or anchored in membrane
●● Transmembrane proteins?
Answer: 1) ion channels
2) carrier proteins or transporters
3) pumps
●● 3 mechanisms of membrane transport?
Answer: 1) Diffusion: passive
2) Facilitated diffusion: passive
3) Active transport: ATP required
