BIO 116 EXAM 3 FINAL PAPER TESTED
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWER
KEY
●● What kind of nervous systems do echinoderms have?
Answer: nerve ring, signals radial nerves which signals muscles
●● What kind of nervous systems do bilateria / platylhementhis have?
Answer: - brain & eyespots at anterior
- transverse nerves AKA rungs
- ladder type nervous system
●● What kind of nervous systems do bilateria / annelids and arthropods
have?
Answer: - more complex brain
- ganglia
●● What kind of nervous systems do vertebrates have?
Answer: - brain + spinal cord = CNS
- nerves + ganglia = PNS
,●● How does the type of nervous system determine an organisms
lifestyle?
Answer: slow moving + simple organisms have a more basic nervous
system
fast moving + complex organisms have a more advance nervous system
●● What is ganglia?
Answer: systematically arranged clusters of neurons
●● What are the 6 types of glial cells?
Answer: 1) ependymal
2) astrocytes
3) microglial
4) oligodendrocytes
5) Schwann cells
6) radial
●● What are ependymal cells?
Answer: line cavities of the brain and spinal cord
circulate cerebrospinal fluid
●● What are astrocytes?
Answer: involved with brain blood barrier and neurons
,●● What are microglial cells?
Answer: macrophages of the CNS, immune functions
●● What is myelination and why is it important?
Answer: - fatty membrane around axons of a neuron
- insulates action potentials
●● What are oligodendrocytes?
Answer: produce myelin in CNS
●● What are Schwann cells?
Answer: form myelin sheath in PNS
●● What are radial glia?
Answer: guides migration and growth of immature neurons in
developing embryo
●● What does the Central Nervous System include?
Answer: brain and spinal cord
gray matter surrounds white matter
, ●● What is white matter?
Answer: myelinated axons
●● What is gray matter?
Answer: - unmyelinated axons
- cell bodies
- short range communication
●● What are ventricles?
Answer: hollow and filled w/ CSF
●● What is the spinal cord?
Answer: link b/t brain and rest of nervous system
includes dorsal, neck/back, within spine
white matter surrounds gray matter
●● Why is the white/gray matter flipped?
Answer: due to how the brain formed in development
●● What are the functions of the spinal cord?
Answer: transmits impulses to/from brain
reflex actions
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWER
KEY
●● What kind of nervous systems do echinoderms have?
Answer: nerve ring, signals radial nerves which signals muscles
●● What kind of nervous systems do bilateria / platylhementhis have?
Answer: - brain & eyespots at anterior
- transverse nerves AKA rungs
- ladder type nervous system
●● What kind of nervous systems do bilateria / annelids and arthropods
have?
Answer: - more complex brain
- ganglia
●● What kind of nervous systems do vertebrates have?
Answer: - brain + spinal cord = CNS
- nerves + ganglia = PNS
,●● How does the type of nervous system determine an organisms
lifestyle?
Answer: slow moving + simple organisms have a more basic nervous
system
fast moving + complex organisms have a more advance nervous system
●● What is ganglia?
Answer: systematically arranged clusters of neurons
●● What are the 6 types of glial cells?
Answer: 1) ependymal
2) astrocytes
3) microglial
4) oligodendrocytes
5) Schwann cells
6) radial
●● What are ependymal cells?
Answer: line cavities of the brain and spinal cord
circulate cerebrospinal fluid
●● What are astrocytes?
Answer: involved with brain blood barrier and neurons
,●● What are microglial cells?
Answer: macrophages of the CNS, immune functions
●● What is myelination and why is it important?
Answer: - fatty membrane around axons of a neuron
- insulates action potentials
●● What are oligodendrocytes?
Answer: produce myelin in CNS
●● What are Schwann cells?
Answer: form myelin sheath in PNS
●● What are radial glia?
Answer: guides migration and growth of immature neurons in
developing embryo
●● What does the Central Nervous System include?
Answer: brain and spinal cord
gray matter surrounds white matter
, ●● What is white matter?
Answer: myelinated axons
●● What is gray matter?
Answer: - unmyelinated axons
- cell bodies
- short range communication
●● What are ventricles?
Answer: hollow and filled w/ CSF
●● What is the spinal cord?
Answer: link b/t brain and rest of nervous system
includes dorsal, neck/back, within spine
white matter surrounds gray matter
●● Why is the white/gray matter flipped?
Answer: due to how the brain formed in development
●● What are the functions of the spinal cord?
Answer: transmits impulses to/from brain
reflex actions
