BIO 151 MODULE 5 2026 COMPLETE STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED
A+ FULL SOLUTION
◉ similarities between mRNA and DNA. Answer: nucleic acids
polarity
◉ mRNA characteristics. Answer: single stranded
OH
instead of T-->U
◉ which way is mRNA synthesized. Answer: 3'-> 5'
◉ which way is mRNA read. Answer: 3'->5'
◉ which was is mRNA polymerized. Answer: 3'-> 5'
◉ which was is mRNA transcribed. Answer: 3'-> 5'
◉ which way is mRNA made. Answer: 5'-->3'
,◉ what is required for prokaryotic transcription?. Answer: sigma &
RNA P
◉ what initiates and what terminates transcription?. Answer: start
"promoter" and stop "terminator sequence" codon
◉ When given the coding strand how do you get to the transcribed
mRNA?
ex 5' TAGGCT 3'. Answer: switch all T's to U's
5' UAGGCU 3'
◉ when given the template strand how do you get the transcribed
mRNA?
ex 5' AGGGTCT 3'. Answer: 1. match up base pairs (A-->U, T-->A, and
G-->C)
2. switch the order so it is read 5'-->3'
3' UCCCAGA 5'
5' AGACCCU 3'
◉ what is the major difference in transcription between prokaryotes
and eukaryotes?. Answer: prokaryotes:
-transcription and translate occur at the same time
-polycistronic DNA
,eukaryotes:
-RNA processing
(5' cap, poly A tail splice)
◉ describe the process of splicing. Answer: keeping exons, cutting
out introns
eukaryotes only
◉ exons. Answer: Coding segments of eukaryotic DNA.
◉ what is alternative splicing?. Answer: Different combinations of
exons spliced together to produce different mRNA isoforms of a gene
◉ introns. Answer: Noncoding segments of nucleic acid that lie
between coding sequences.
◉ say you isolated some DNA. you also took an mRNA strand and
reverse transcribed it into cDNA. would there be a difference in size
in gel electrophoresis?. Answer: cDNA would be smaller because id
does not have introns
◉ if an RNA has 30% tyrosine, what is its adenine content?. Answer:
cannot tell because RNA has no tyrosine instead it has a U
(tyrosine is usually paired with adenine)
, ◉ what two cellular components are used to translate mRNA?.
Answer: ribosomes and tRNA
◉ which was is mRNA read? which end of the protein are amino acid
monomers added?. Answer: 5'-->3' make protein N-->C
added to C end
◉ what type of molecule is required in order to add a nitrogenous
base?. Answer: triphosphate
◉ where does translation occur?. Answer: cytosol--> prokaryotic
and eukaryotic
◉ how to transfer mRNA into amino acids?
ex. 5' CUUCAUG UGGAACAGUUGA 3'. Answer: 1. start from the AUG
and separate everything else in 3 letters
2. use the chart to determine the name of each amino acid change
AUG: met
UGG: trp
AAC: asn
AGU: ser
UGA: stop
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED
A+ FULL SOLUTION
◉ similarities between mRNA and DNA. Answer: nucleic acids
polarity
◉ mRNA characteristics. Answer: single stranded
OH
instead of T-->U
◉ which way is mRNA synthesized. Answer: 3'-> 5'
◉ which way is mRNA read. Answer: 3'->5'
◉ which was is mRNA polymerized. Answer: 3'-> 5'
◉ which was is mRNA transcribed. Answer: 3'-> 5'
◉ which way is mRNA made. Answer: 5'-->3'
,◉ what is required for prokaryotic transcription?. Answer: sigma &
RNA P
◉ what initiates and what terminates transcription?. Answer: start
"promoter" and stop "terminator sequence" codon
◉ When given the coding strand how do you get to the transcribed
mRNA?
ex 5' TAGGCT 3'. Answer: switch all T's to U's
5' UAGGCU 3'
◉ when given the template strand how do you get the transcribed
mRNA?
ex 5' AGGGTCT 3'. Answer: 1. match up base pairs (A-->U, T-->A, and
G-->C)
2. switch the order so it is read 5'-->3'
3' UCCCAGA 5'
5' AGACCCU 3'
◉ what is the major difference in transcription between prokaryotes
and eukaryotes?. Answer: prokaryotes:
-transcription and translate occur at the same time
-polycistronic DNA
,eukaryotes:
-RNA processing
(5' cap, poly A tail splice)
◉ describe the process of splicing. Answer: keeping exons, cutting
out introns
eukaryotes only
◉ exons. Answer: Coding segments of eukaryotic DNA.
◉ what is alternative splicing?. Answer: Different combinations of
exons spliced together to produce different mRNA isoforms of a gene
◉ introns. Answer: Noncoding segments of nucleic acid that lie
between coding sequences.
◉ say you isolated some DNA. you also took an mRNA strand and
reverse transcribed it into cDNA. would there be a difference in size
in gel electrophoresis?. Answer: cDNA would be smaller because id
does not have introns
◉ if an RNA has 30% tyrosine, what is its adenine content?. Answer:
cannot tell because RNA has no tyrosine instead it has a U
(tyrosine is usually paired with adenine)
, ◉ what two cellular components are used to translate mRNA?.
Answer: ribosomes and tRNA
◉ which was is mRNA read? which end of the protein are amino acid
monomers added?. Answer: 5'-->3' make protein N-->C
added to C end
◉ what type of molecule is required in order to add a nitrogenous
base?. Answer: triphosphate
◉ where does translation occur?. Answer: cytosol--> prokaryotic
and eukaryotic
◉ how to transfer mRNA into amino acids?
ex. 5' CUUCAUG UGGAACAGUUGA 3'. Answer: 1. start from the AUG
and separate everything else in 3 letters
2. use the chart to determine the name of each amino acid change
AUG: met
UGG: trp
AAC: asn
AGU: ser
UGA: stop
