BIO 151 MODULE 5 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED
◉ which was is mRNA read? which end of the protein are amino acid
monomers added. Answer: 5'-->3' make protein N-->C
added to C end
◉ what type of molecule is required in order to add a nitrogenous
base. Answer: triphosphate
◉ where does translation occur. Answer: cytosol--> prokaryotic and
eukaryotic
◉ how to transfer mRNA into amino acids?
ex. 5' CUUCAUG UGGAACAGUUGA 3'. Answer: 1. start from the AUG
and separate everything else in 3 letters
2. use the chart to determine the name of each amino acid change
AUG: met
UGG: trp
AAC: asn
AGU: ser
,UGA: stop
◉ what are the 3 regions of the ribosome during translation?.
Answer: E empty and RNA
P
A new and RNA come in form a peptide bond
◉ a protein has a polypeptide chain attached to tRNA in the P site:
methionine-arginine serine. what codon is in the E site?. Answer:
arginine: AGA
◉ if you changed all threonine anticodons to valine anticodons in
the tRNA what would happen?. Answer: change anticodon: no
translation
change amino acid sequence: valine instead of threonine
◉ silent mutation. Answer: A mutation that changes a single
nucleotide, but does not change the amino acid created (same name)
ex. UAA: stop
UAG: stop
◉ missense mutation. Answer: A base-pair substitution that results
in a codon that codes for a different amino acid. ex AGG: arg
ACG: thr
, ◉ nonsense mutation. Answer: A mutation that changes an amino
acid codon to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and
usually nonfunctional protein.
ex. UGG (trp)
UGA (stop)
◉ frameshift mutation. Answer: mutation that shifts the "reading"
frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
GGG: gly
GG
◉ which mutations could lead to a smaller protein? which could lead
to a protein not being made at all?. Answer: nonsense and frameshift
◉ what kind of mutations are involved?
5' AUGUUGACUGA 3' original
5' AUGUGACUGA 3' mutated. Answer: nonsense b/c UUG--> UGA
(STOP)
frameshift b/c of a deletion of one letter
◉ what could happen if the bolded codon was deleted from the
mRNA?
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED
◉ which was is mRNA read? which end of the protein are amino acid
monomers added. Answer: 5'-->3' make protein N-->C
added to C end
◉ what type of molecule is required in order to add a nitrogenous
base. Answer: triphosphate
◉ where does translation occur. Answer: cytosol--> prokaryotic and
eukaryotic
◉ how to transfer mRNA into amino acids?
ex. 5' CUUCAUG UGGAACAGUUGA 3'. Answer: 1. start from the AUG
and separate everything else in 3 letters
2. use the chart to determine the name of each amino acid change
AUG: met
UGG: trp
AAC: asn
AGU: ser
,UGA: stop
◉ what are the 3 regions of the ribosome during translation?.
Answer: E empty and RNA
P
A new and RNA come in form a peptide bond
◉ a protein has a polypeptide chain attached to tRNA in the P site:
methionine-arginine serine. what codon is in the E site?. Answer:
arginine: AGA
◉ if you changed all threonine anticodons to valine anticodons in
the tRNA what would happen?. Answer: change anticodon: no
translation
change amino acid sequence: valine instead of threonine
◉ silent mutation. Answer: A mutation that changes a single
nucleotide, but does not change the amino acid created (same name)
ex. UAA: stop
UAG: stop
◉ missense mutation. Answer: A base-pair substitution that results
in a codon that codes for a different amino acid. ex AGG: arg
ACG: thr
, ◉ nonsense mutation. Answer: A mutation that changes an amino
acid codon to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and
usually nonfunctional protein.
ex. UGG (trp)
UGA (stop)
◉ frameshift mutation. Answer: mutation that shifts the "reading"
frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
GGG: gly
GG
◉ which mutations could lead to a smaller protein? which could lead
to a protein not being made at all?. Answer: nonsense and frameshift
◉ what kind of mutations are involved?
5' AUGUUGACUGA 3' original
5' AUGUGACUGA 3' mutated. Answer: nonsense b/c UUG--> UGA
(STOP)
frameshift b/c of a deletion of one letter
◉ what could happen if the bolded codon was deleted from the
mRNA?
