NSG 5140 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam
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1. Which process is primarily responsible for the movement of water
from the intravascular space into the interstitial space?
A. Active transport
B. Diffusion
C. Filtration
D. Endocytosis
Rationale: Filtration is driven by hydrostatic pressure and moves
water and small solutes across capillary membranes into interstitial
spaces.
2. Which electrolyte is the major intracellular cation?
A. Sodium
B. Chloride
C. Calcium
D. Potassium
Rationale: Potassium is the predominant intracellular cation and is
critical for cellular function and membrane potential.
3. A patient with severe vomiting is most likely to develop which
acid-base imbalance?
,A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
Rationale: Loss of gastric hydrochloric acid through vomiting increases
bicarbonate concentration, causing metabolic alkalosis.
4. Which hormone promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys?
A. Aldosterone
B. Cortisol
C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D. Growth hormone
Rationale: ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts,
helping regulate fluid balance.
5. The primary function of the sodium-potassium pump is to:
A. Produce ATP
B. Regulate calcium levels
C. Maintain cellular membrane potential
D. Increase glucose absorption
Rationale: The sodium-potassium pump actively transports sodium
and potassium to maintain membrane potential and cellular
homeostasis.
6. Which inflammatory mediator is most responsible for vasodilation
and increased vascular permeability?
A. Insulin
B. Erythropoietin
C. Histamine
D. Thyroxine
, Rationale: Histamine released from mast cells promotes vasodilation
and increased capillary permeability during inflammation.
7. Fever results primarily from the action of:
A. Antibodies
B. Complement proteins
C. Pyrogens affecting the hypothalamus
D. Platelets
Rationale: Pyrogens stimulate the hypothalamus to raise the body's
temperature set point.
8. Which white blood cell is most active during acute bacterial
infections?
A. Eosinophil
B. Basophil
C. Lymphocyte
D. Neutrophil
Rationale: Neutrophils are the first responders in acute bacterial
infections.
9. An increase in eosinophils is most commonly associated with:
A. Viral infection
B. Bacterial infection
C. Parasitic infection or allergic reaction
D. Anemia
Rationale: Eosinophils play a major role in allergic responses and
defense against parasites.
10. Apoptosis is best described as:
South College With Actual Questions &
Verified Answers, Plus Explained
Rationales/Expert Verified For Guaranteed
100% Pass 2026/Latest Update/Instant
Download Pdf
1. Which process is primarily responsible for the movement of water
from the intravascular space into the interstitial space?
A. Active transport
B. Diffusion
C. Filtration
D. Endocytosis
Rationale: Filtration is driven by hydrostatic pressure and moves
water and small solutes across capillary membranes into interstitial
spaces.
2. Which electrolyte is the major intracellular cation?
A. Sodium
B. Chloride
C. Calcium
D. Potassium
Rationale: Potassium is the predominant intracellular cation and is
critical for cellular function and membrane potential.
3. A patient with severe vomiting is most likely to develop which
acid-base imbalance?
,A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
Rationale: Loss of gastric hydrochloric acid through vomiting increases
bicarbonate concentration, causing metabolic alkalosis.
4. Which hormone promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys?
A. Aldosterone
B. Cortisol
C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D. Growth hormone
Rationale: ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts,
helping regulate fluid balance.
5. The primary function of the sodium-potassium pump is to:
A. Produce ATP
B. Regulate calcium levels
C. Maintain cellular membrane potential
D. Increase glucose absorption
Rationale: The sodium-potassium pump actively transports sodium
and potassium to maintain membrane potential and cellular
homeostasis.
6. Which inflammatory mediator is most responsible for vasodilation
and increased vascular permeability?
A. Insulin
B. Erythropoietin
C. Histamine
D. Thyroxine
, Rationale: Histamine released from mast cells promotes vasodilation
and increased capillary permeability during inflammation.
7. Fever results primarily from the action of:
A. Antibodies
B. Complement proteins
C. Pyrogens affecting the hypothalamus
D. Platelets
Rationale: Pyrogens stimulate the hypothalamus to raise the body's
temperature set point.
8. Which white blood cell is most active during acute bacterial
infections?
A. Eosinophil
B. Basophil
C. Lymphocyte
D. Neutrophil
Rationale: Neutrophils are the first responders in acute bacterial
infections.
9. An increase in eosinophils is most commonly associated with:
A. Viral infection
B. Bacterial infection
C. Parasitic infection or allergic reaction
D. Anemia
Rationale: Eosinophils play a major role in allergic responses and
defense against parasites.
10. Apoptosis is best described as:
