BIO 152 MODULE 5 2026 EXAM SCRIPT
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ Reproductive success. Answer: The ability to produce fertile
offspring that survive to reproductive maturity and produce
offspring of their own.
◉ Biological fitness. Answer: the measure of an individual's
reproductive success. It is calculated as the average contribution to
the gene pool made by a certain genotype within a population and
the relative likelihood that these alleles will be represented in future
generation.
◉ Sexual reproduction. Answer: It involves the meeting of special
sex cells called gametes. A fertilised egg (zygote) occurs from the
haploid gametes when the chromosome number changes from
haploid to diploid.
◉ Gametes. Answer: Carry genetic information from both parents,
therefore the offspring with contain a mix of parental genes.
◉ Diploid. Answer: (two complete sets)
,◉ Haploid. Answer: (single set)
◉ Diploid and haploid cells. Answer: Refer to the number of sets of
chromosomes within any cell - haploid (n) gamete from each parent
combines to produce genetically unique diploid (2n) offspring.
◉ Somatic cells. Answer: A term used to describe all body/non-
reproductive cells.
◉ Sexual reproduction in animals. Answer: The union of male and
female gametes (sperm and ova) can occur outside the body (known
as external) or inside the body (known as internal).
◉ Hermaphrodites. Answer: When the animal has both male and
female reproductive organs.
◉ Internal fertilisation. Answer: Takes place inside the body of the
female and involves mate attraction and compilation, which requires
energy investment and put the organisms at risk of predation, but
fewer eggs need to be produced. It occurs in some invertebrate and
most vertebrates.
◉ External fertilisation. Answer: Occurs in aquatic or moist
terrestrial environments, to prevent dehydration of gametes,
,gametes must be produced in large numbers to ensure success. It
occurs in most invertebrates and some vertebrates.
◉ Artificial insemination (animals). Answer: The process by which
the sperm from a selected male with desirable traits is artificially
transferred to the female.
◉ Artificial insemination (animals) benfits. Answer: Used to
inseminate a large number of females, transport of semen is easier
than transporting of a whole animal, semen can be stored for a long
time.
◉ Artificial insemination (animals) limitations. Answer: Cannot
guarantee 'favourable' traits to be passed on, reduced genetic
variation; population susceptible to environmental changes.
◉ Sexual reproduction in plants. Answer: Plants rely on external
agents to carry the gametes from one parent to another, known as
pollinating agents as well as external agents to disperse their seeds
(wind, water, animals).
◉ Anther (male - flower). Answer: Where pollen grains are formed.
◉ Filament (male - flower). Answer: The stalk-like structure that
attaches to the base of the flower and supports the anther.
, ◉ Stigma (female - flower). Answer: The sticky top surface of the
flower in which pollen adhere too.
◉ Style (female - flower). Answer: Joins the stigma to the ovary.
◉ Ovary (female - flower). Answer: Where ovules is formed.
◉ Pollination. Answer: The process of gamete transfer from the male
gametes in the pollen to the female part of the flower, stigma from
the anthers. Once the pollen has been deposited on the stigma, a
pollen tube germinates and grows down the style, carrying inside it
the male gamete to and ovule contained in the ovary.
◉ Cross-pollination. Answer: The transfer of pollen from the anther
of a flower of one plant to the stigma of the flower of another plant
of the same species. It relies on outside agents to transfer pollen
from anthers to stigma (wind or water).
◉ Self-pollination. Answer: The pollination of a flower by pollen
from the same flower or from another flower on the same plant.
Self-pollination requires less energy.
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ Reproductive success. Answer: The ability to produce fertile
offspring that survive to reproductive maturity and produce
offspring of their own.
◉ Biological fitness. Answer: the measure of an individual's
reproductive success. It is calculated as the average contribution to
the gene pool made by a certain genotype within a population and
the relative likelihood that these alleles will be represented in future
generation.
◉ Sexual reproduction. Answer: It involves the meeting of special
sex cells called gametes. A fertilised egg (zygote) occurs from the
haploid gametes when the chromosome number changes from
haploid to diploid.
◉ Gametes. Answer: Carry genetic information from both parents,
therefore the offspring with contain a mix of parental genes.
◉ Diploid. Answer: (two complete sets)
,◉ Haploid. Answer: (single set)
◉ Diploid and haploid cells. Answer: Refer to the number of sets of
chromosomes within any cell - haploid (n) gamete from each parent
combines to produce genetically unique diploid (2n) offspring.
◉ Somatic cells. Answer: A term used to describe all body/non-
reproductive cells.
◉ Sexual reproduction in animals. Answer: The union of male and
female gametes (sperm and ova) can occur outside the body (known
as external) or inside the body (known as internal).
◉ Hermaphrodites. Answer: When the animal has both male and
female reproductive organs.
◉ Internal fertilisation. Answer: Takes place inside the body of the
female and involves mate attraction and compilation, which requires
energy investment and put the organisms at risk of predation, but
fewer eggs need to be produced. It occurs in some invertebrate and
most vertebrates.
◉ External fertilisation. Answer: Occurs in aquatic or moist
terrestrial environments, to prevent dehydration of gametes,
,gametes must be produced in large numbers to ensure success. It
occurs in most invertebrates and some vertebrates.
◉ Artificial insemination (animals). Answer: The process by which
the sperm from a selected male with desirable traits is artificially
transferred to the female.
◉ Artificial insemination (animals) benfits. Answer: Used to
inseminate a large number of females, transport of semen is easier
than transporting of a whole animal, semen can be stored for a long
time.
◉ Artificial insemination (animals) limitations. Answer: Cannot
guarantee 'favourable' traits to be passed on, reduced genetic
variation; population susceptible to environmental changes.
◉ Sexual reproduction in plants. Answer: Plants rely on external
agents to carry the gametes from one parent to another, known as
pollinating agents as well as external agents to disperse their seeds
(wind, water, animals).
◉ Anther (male - flower). Answer: Where pollen grains are formed.
◉ Filament (male - flower). Answer: The stalk-like structure that
attaches to the base of the flower and supports the anther.
, ◉ Stigma (female - flower). Answer: The sticky top surface of the
flower in which pollen adhere too.
◉ Style (female - flower). Answer: Joins the stigma to the ovary.
◉ Ovary (female - flower). Answer: Where ovules is formed.
◉ Pollination. Answer: The process of gamete transfer from the male
gametes in the pollen to the female part of the flower, stigma from
the anthers. Once the pollen has been deposited on the stigma, a
pollen tube germinates and grows down the style, carrying inside it
the male gamete to and ovule contained in the ovary.
◉ Cross-pollination. Answer: The transfer of pollen from the anther
of a flower of one plant to the stigma of the flower of another plant
of the same species. It relies on outside agents to transfer pollen
from anthers to stigma (wind or water).
◉ Self-pollination. Answer: The pollination of a flower by pollen
from the same flower or from another flower on the same plant.
Self-pollination requires less energy.
