BIO 168 TESTS 2026 EXAM PREPARATION PACK
KEY BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS AND SAMPLE
QUESTIONS WITH EXPLANATIONS
◉ short bones. Answer: equal in length and width
glide across one another in multiple directions
◉ irregular bones. Answer: shapes that do not fit into other
categories
◉ epiphyses. Answer: ends of long bone
◉ diaphyses. Answer: center of long bone
◉ compact bone. Answer: makes up the solid part of bone
◉ spongy bone. Answer: Trabeculae, osteocytes in lacunae,
canaliculi
makes up the center of bone ends
◉ articular cartilage. Answer: covers the ends of long bones
, ◉ bone marrow. Answer: soft tissue occupying marrow cavities of
long bones and small spaces of spongy bone
◉ yellow marrow. Answer: fatty marrow found in adults
◉ red marrow. Answer: (myeloid tissue) contains hemopoietic
tissue--produces blood cells
◉ periosteum. Answer: outer covering around bone
◉ 4 bone cell types. Answer: osteogenic,
osteoblast,osteocyte,osteoclast
◉ osteogenic cells. Answer: stem cells in endosteum, inner layer of
periosteum
(mesenchymal cells) give rise to most other bone cells
◉ osteoblasts. Answer: bone forming cells, secretes hormone
osteocalcin
◉ osteocytes. Answer: former osteoblasts that are trapped in matrix
gap junctions allow for passage of nutrients, wastes, signals
KEY BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS AND SAMPLE
QUESTIONS WITH EXPLANATIONS
◉ short bones. Answer: equal in length and width
glide across one another in multiple directions
◉ irregular bones. Answer: shapes that do not fit into other
categories
◉ epiphyses. Answer: ends of long bone
◉ diaphyses. Answer: center of long bone
◉ compact bone. Answer: makes up the solid part of bone
◉ spongy bone. Answer: Trabeculae, osteocytes in lacunae,
canaliculi
makes up the center of bone ends
◉ articular cartilage. Answer: covers the ends of long bones
, ◉ bone marrow. Answer: soft tissue occupying marrow cavities of
long bones and small spaces of spongy bone
◉ yellow marrow. Answer: fatty marrow found in adults
◉ red marrow. Answer: (myeloid tissue) contains hemopoietic
tissue--produces blood cells
◉ periosteum. Answer: outer covering around bone
◉ 4 bone cell types. Answer: osteogenic,
osteoblast,osteocyte,osteoclast
◉ osteogenic cells. Answer: stem cells in endosteum, inner layer of
periosteum
(mesenchymal cells) give rise to most other bone cells
◉ osteoblasts. Answer: bone forming cells, secretes hormone
osteocalcin
◉ osteocytes. Answer: former osteoblasts that are trapped in matrix
gap junctions allow for passage of nutrients, wastes, signals
