BIO 181 EXAM 3 GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 KEY
CONCEPTS AND CELL BIOLOGY NOTES 2026
◉ NAD+. Answer: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme
that gathers 2 electrons and 2 H+ protons from broken chemical
bonds. In this state, it is oxidized.
◉ NADH. Answer: The reduced form of NAD+.
◉ FAD+. Answer: Flavin adenine dinucleotide. A coenzyme,
occurring in most living cells and utilized alternately with FADH as
an oxidizing or reducing agent in various metabolic processes.
◉ What does FAD+ stand for?. Answer: Flavin adenine dinucleotide
◉ FADH2. Answer: The reduced form of FAD+.
◉ Metabolism. Answer: Chemical processed that help maintain
homeostasis within an organism.
◉ The pre-krebs cycle and electron transport chain both occur in....
Answer: The inner mitochondrial membrane.
,◉ The krebs cycle occurs in the.... Answer: The mitochondrial
matrix.
◉ Decarboxylate. Answer: The removal of a carboxyl (CO2) group
from a molecule, such as pyruvate.
◉ Electron transport system. Answer: The third and final stage of
aerobic cellular respiration. Coenzymes drop off electrons and H+
ions, lessening their energy levels, and generate 34 ATP.
◉ ATP Synthase. Answer: Large protein that uses energy from H+
ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP.
◉ Pyruvate decarboxylase. Answer: An enzyme that removes a
carboxyl group from pyruvate.
◉ Oxidation. Answer: Loss of electrons
◉ Reduction. Answer: Gain of electrons
◉ Chemiosmosis. Answer: Using an H+ (proton) pump to do cellular
work, including making ATP.
, ◉ Oxidative phosphorylation. Answer: A reaction requiring oxygen.
The electron transport system is an example of this.
◉ Total amount of ATP produced in Aerobic Cellular Respiration.
Answer: 40 ATP
◉ Net gain of ATP in aerobic cellular respiration. Answer: 36 ATP
◉ Total amount of ATP produced in gylcolysis. Answer: 4 ATP
◉ Net gain of ATP produced in glycolysis. Answer: 2 ATP
◉ Total amount of ATP produced in the electron transport system.
Answer: 34 ATP
◉ Total amount of ATP produced in krebs cycle. Answer: 2 ATP (This
question is not about glycolysis.)
◉ Total amount of ATP produced in pre-krebs cycle. Answer: 0 ATP
◉ Pre-krebs reactants. Answer: 2 pyruvate
◉ Pre-Krebs Products. Answer: 2 Acetyl-CoA, 2 CO2, 2 NADH, 2 H+
CONCEPTS AND CELL BIOLOGY NOTES 2026
◉ NAD+. Answer: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme
that gathers 2 electrons and 2 H+ protons from broken chemical
bonds. In this state, it is oxidized.
◉ NADH. Answer: The reduced form of NAD+.
◉ FAD+. Answer: Flavin adenine dinucleotide. A coenzyme,
occurring in most living cells and utilized alternately with FADH as
an oxidizing or reducing agent in various metabolic processes.
◉ What does FAD+ stand for?. Answer: Flavin adenine dinucleotide
◉ FADH2. Answer: The reduced form of FAD+.
◉ Metabolism. Answer: Chemical processed that help maintain
homeostasis within an organism.
◉ The pre-krebs cycle and electron transport chain both occur in....
Answer: The inner mitochondrial membrane.
,◉ The krebs cycle occurs in the.... Answer: The mitochondrial
matrix.
◉ Decarboxylate. Answer: The removal of a carboxyl (CO2) group
from a molecule, such as pyruvate.
◉ Electron transport system. Answer: The third and final stage of
aerobic cellular respiration. Coenzymes drop off electrons and H+
ions, lessening their energy levels, and generate 34 ATP.
◉ ATP Synthase. Answer: Large protein that uses energy from H+
ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP.
◉ Pyruvate decarboxylase. Answer: An enzyme that removes a
carboxyl group from pyruvate.
◉ Oxidation. Answer: Loss of electrons
◉ Reduction. Answer: Gain of electrons
◉ Chemiosmosis. Answer: Using an H+ (proton) pump to do cellular
work, including making ATP.
, ◉ Oxidative phosphorylation. Answer: A reaction requiring oxygen.
The electron transport system is an example of this.
◉ Total amount of ATP produced in Aerobic Cellular Respiration.
Answer: 40 ATP
◉ Net gain of ATP in aerobic cellular respiration. Answer: 36 ATP
◉ Total amount of ATP produced in gylcolysis. Answer: 4 ATP
◉ Net gain of ATP produced in glycolysis. Answer: 2 ATP
◉ Total amount of ATP produced in the electron transport system.
Answer: 34 ATP
◉ Total amount of ATP produced in krebs cycle. Answer: 2 ATP (This
question is not about glycolysis.)
◉ Total amount of ATP produced in pre-krebs cycle. Answer: 0 ATP
◉ Pre-krebs reactants. Answer: 2 pyruvate
◉ Pre-Krebs Products. Answer: 2 Acetyl-CoA, 2 CO2, 2 NADH, 2 H+
