BIO 181 QUIZ 1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY ASSESSMENT SCRIPT QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS CELL AND LIFE PROCESSES REVIEW 2026

BIO 181 QUIZ 1 INTRODUCTION TO
BIOLOGY ASSESSMENT SCRIPT
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS CELL AND LIFE
PROCESSES REVIEW 2026


◉ Genetic Material Hypothesis
Answer: Proteins were thought to carry genetic information.


◉ Transformation
Answer: Process of genetic material transfer between organisms.


◉ Transforming Factor
Answer: Oswald Avery identified DNA as the transforming factor.


◉ Hershey-Chase Experiment
Answer: Showed that DNA was genetic material


◉ Viral DNA Labeling
Answer: DNA labeled with phosphorus, protein with sulfur.

,◉ Phage DNA Entry
Answer: Only viral DNA enters E. coli, not protein.


◉ Chargaff's Rules
Answer: A=T and C=G base pairing in DNA.


◉ Nucleotide Components
Answer: Sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base.


◉ DNA Replication Primer
Answer: Short RNA segment initiates DNA synthesis.


◉ Leading Strand
Answer: Continuously synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.


◉ Lagging Strand
Answer: Discontinuously synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction with
Okazaki fragments.


◉ Okazaki Fragments
Answer: Short DNA segments on the lagging strand.

, ◉ Nucleotide Addition Direction
Answer: 5' to 3' direction


◉ DNA Replication Enzymes
Answer: Helicase
Polymerase
Ligase
Primase
Topoisomerase
Single-Strand Binding Protein


◉ Helicase
Answer: Unwinds the DNA double helix during replication.


◉ DNA Polymerase
Answer: Synthesizes new DNA strands from nucleotides.


◉ Ligase
Answer: Joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.


◉ Primase
Answer: Synthesizes RNA primers for DNA replication.