PSYCHOLOGY 101 EXAM 1 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
Nature - (ANSWER)Inherited biological factors
Nurture - (ANSWER)Distinct set of environmental factors
Psychologists - (ANSWER)Scientists who study behavior and underlying mental processes
Basic research - (ANSWER)Collecting data to support or refute theories. To gather knowledge for the
sake of knowledge
Applied research - (ANSWER)Focuses on changing behaviors and outcomes. Leads to real-world
applications
Hindsight bias - (ANSWER)"I knew it all along"
Goals of Psychology - (ANSWER)Describe, Explain, Predict, and Control
Plato (427-347 BC) - (ANSWER)Truth and knowledge existed in the soul before birth- innate knowledge.
Nature
Aristotle (384-322 BC) - (ANSWER)Know reality through our perceptions, and we learn through our
experiences- empiricism. Nurture
Empiricism - (ANSWER)How scientists acquire knowledge through their observations and experiments
Rene Descartes (1596-1650) - (ANSWER)Nature of the mind and body are different, yet they are
connected. "I think, therefore I am"
,PSYCHOLOGY 101 EXAM 1 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
Gustav Theodor Fechner (1801-1887) - (ANSWER)We can understand how the mind and body work by
studying sensation- laid groundwork for research on sensation and perception
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) - (ANSWER)"Father of psychology". Introspection. Did an experiment that
measured reaction time- 1/10 of a second
Introspection - (ANSWER)A method used to measure one's own conscious activities
Edward Titchener (1867-1927) - (ANSWER)Structuralism- subjective experiences. Interpretation and
analysis of aspects of human cognition. Psychological studies could be conducted through observation
and measurement. Uncover the structure of the mind. Taught women
William James (1842-1910) - (ANSWER)Functionalism- study of the purpose of thought processes,
feelings, and behaviors, and how they help us adapt to the environment. Aimed to identify the adaptive
function of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) - (ANSWER)Evolutionary psychology- scientific study of human nature
dedicated to discovering and understanding the psychological adaptations that evolved to solve
ancestral survival and reproductive problems
Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930) - (ANSWER)First female president of the APA
Margaret Fly Washburn (1871-1939) - (ANSWER)First woman to earn a PhD in psychology
Mamie Phipps Clark (1917-1983) - (ANSWER)1st African-American woman to earn degree at Columbia
University. Research on race, self-concept, self-esteem, child development. Her work with husband,
Kenneth Clark, played important role in 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education. Clark Doll Test.
, PSYCHOLOGY 101 EXAM 1 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) - (ANSWER)Founder of psychoanalysis, a controversial theory about the
workings of the unconscious mind. Behavior and personality are influenced by conflicts between one's
inner desires (sexual and aggressive impulses)
Psychoanalystic perspective - (ANSWER)Personality development is heavily influenced by processes of
which we are unaware that become apparent in early life, and result from interactions with caregivers
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) - (ANSWER)Discovered classical conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the
ringing of a bell
John B. Watson (1878-1958) - (ANSWER)Behaviorism- scientific study of behaviors that could be seen or
measured
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) - (ANSWER)Operant conditioning- a type of learning that occurs when
behaviors are rewarded or punished
Behavioral perspective - (ANSWER)Promoted by Watson and Skinner- suggests that behaviors and
personality are primarily determined by learning
Carl Rogers (1902-1987) and Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) - (ANSWER)Humanistic psychology- human
nature is essentially positive, and that people are naturally inclined to grow and change for the better
Cognitive perspective - (ANSWER)Examines mental activities that direct behavior, focusing on processes
such as thinking, memory, and language
Natural selection - (ANSWER)A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to
survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
Nature - (ANSWER)Inherited biological factors
Nurture - (ANSWER)Distinct set of environmental factors
Psychologists - (ANSWER)Scientists who study behavior and underlying mental processes
Basic research - (ANSWER)Collecting data to support or refute theories. To gather knowledge for the
sake of knowledge
Applied research - (ANSWER)Focuses on changing behaviors and outcomes. Leads to real-world
applications
Hindsight bias - (ANSWER)"I knew it all along"
Goals of Psychology - (ANSWER)Describe, Explain, Predict, and Control
Plato (427-347 BC) - (ANSWER)Truth and knowledge existed in the soul before birth- innate knowledge.
Nature
Aristotle (384-322 BC) - (ANSWER)Know reality through our perceptions, and we learn through our
experiences- empiricism. Nurture
Empiricism - (ANSWER)How scientists acquire knowledge through their observations and experiments
Rene Descartes (1596-1650) - (ANSWER)Nature of the mind and body are different, yet they are
connected. "I think, therefore I am"
,PSYCHOLOGY 101 EXAM 1 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
Gustav Theodor Fechner (1801-1887) - (ANSWER)We can understand how the mind and body work by
studying sensation- laid groundwork for research on sensation and perception
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) - (ANSWER)"Father of psychology". Introspection. Did an experiment that
measured reaction time- 1/10 of a second
Introspection - (ANSWER)A method used to measure one's own conscious activities
Edward Titchener (1867-1927) - (ANSWER)Structuralism- subjective experiences. Interpretation and
analysis of aspects of human cognition. Psychological studies could be conducted through observation
and measurement. Uncover the structure of the mind. Taught women
William James (1842-1910) - (ANSWER)Functionalism- study of the purpose of thought processes,
feelings, and behaviors, and how they help us adapt to the environment. Aimed to identify the adaptive
function of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) - (ANSWER)Evolutionary psychology- scientific study of human nature
dedicated to discovering and understanding the psychological adaptations that evolved to solve
ancestral survival and reproductive problems
Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930) - (ANSWER)First female president of the APA
Margaret Fly Washburn (1871-1939) - (ANSWER)First woman to earn a PhD in psychology
Mamie Phipps Clark (1917-1983) - (ANSWER)1st African-American woman to earn degree at Columbia
University. Research on race, self-concept, self-esteem, child development. Her work with husband,
Kenneth Clark, played important role in 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education. Clark Doll Test.
, PSYCHOLOGY 101 EXAM 1 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) - (ANSWER)Founder of psychoanalysis, a controversial theory about the
workings of the unconscious mind. Behavior and personality are influenced by conflicts between one's
inner desires (sexual and aggressive impulses)
Psychoanalystic perspective - (ANSWER)Personality development is heavily influenced by processes of
which we are unaware that become apparent in early life, and result from interactions with caregivers
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) - (ANSWER)Discovered classical conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the
ringing of a bell
John B. Watson (1878-1958) - (ANSWER)Behaviorism- scientific study of behaviors that could be seen or
measured
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) - (ANSWER)Operant conditioning- a type of learning that occurs when
behaviors are rewarded or punished
Behavioral perspective - (ANSWER)Promoted by Watson and Skinner- suggests that behaviors and
personality are primarily determined by learning
Carl Rogers (1902-1987) and Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) - (ANSWER)Humanistic psychology- human
nature is essentially positive, and that people are naturally inclined to grow and change for the better
Cognitive perspective - (ANSWER)Examines mental activities that direct behavior, focusing on processes
such as thinking, memory, and language
Natural selection - (ANSWER)A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to
survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.
