class notes: parliament

This chapter explains the importance of Parliament in a democracy and how laws are made in India. After independence in 1947, India adopted Universal Adult Franchise, giving every adult citizen the right to vote regardless of caste, religion, gender, or wealth. Through elections, people choose representatives who speak for them in Parliament and participate in governing the country. The Parliament of India consists of the President, the Lok Sabha (House of the People), and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). The Lok Sabha is directly elected by the people and plays a major role in forming the government, while the Rajya Sabha represents the states and reviews laws. Parliament performs three main functions: making laws, selecting the government, and controlling the government through discussions, debates, and questions. The chapter also explains how laws are created. New laws often arise from public demands, social issues, protests, and discussions. Parliament debates proposed laws (bills), makes changes if necessary, and passes them to address people's needs. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 is given as an example of a law that emerged after years of public discussion and advocacy. Another important feature of Parliament is the Question Hour, during which Members of Parliament (MPs) question ministers about government actions and policies. This helps ensure accountability and keeps the government answerable to the people. The chapter also highlights the role of the opposition in pointing out weaknesses in government policies and strengthening democracy. Conclusion The chapter shows that Parliament is the heart of Indian democracy. It represents the people, makes laws, forms the government, and ensures that those in power remain accountable. Through Parliament, citizens indirectly participate in the governance of the country and help shape laws that affect society.