MHA 708 A FINAL TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ A 20 y/o M is agitated and complains of nausea. He tells you, "I feel like my
heart is going to jump out of my chest." Vital signs are BP 142/90, P 140, R
24, and warm, moist skin. Which drug should you suspect?a. narcoticsb.
opioidsc. alcohold. amphetamines.
Answer: d. amphetaminesAmphetamines stimulate the central nervous
system, causing an increase in all vital signs. He is tachycardia, tachypneoic,
and hypertensive.
◍ An 83 y/o F is diaphoretic and has an altered mental status. Her caregiver
states, "She is more out of it than normal, and she slapped me." What should
you suspect?a. dementiab. transient ischemic attackc. hyperglycaemiad.
hypoglycaemia.
Answer: d. hypoglycaemiaWhich an abrupt change in mental status, you
should suspect hypoglycaemia. She is agitated with an altered mental status
and she is diaphoretic. This is treatable in the prehospital setting.
◍ Medical emergencies.
Answer: involves illnesses or conditions caused by disease
◍ A 50 y/o M complains of a sudden onset of abdominal pain and appears pale
and weak. Vitals are BP 84/50, P 110, R 22. What should you suspect?a.
gastroenteritisb. appendicitis c. intestinal obstructiond. GI bleed.
Answer: d. GI bleedHe is hypotensive and tachycardic. He is showing signs
and symptoms of shock. GI bleeding can have an acute onset or be hidden
and disguised for long periods of time. A thorough history of the patient's
bowel movements, frequency and colour changes will help identify the
location of the bleed within the abdomen.
,◍ An unresponsive 22 y/o M was found outside on a hot and humid day. His
skin is hot and moist. What should you do?a. remove all of his clothing and
wrap him in a dry sheetb. administer cool fluids by mouthc. move him to the
air-conditioned ambulanced. begin actively cooling with cold packs around
the groin.
Answer: c. move him to the air-conditioned ambulanceThe first treatment
option is to remove him from the environment that caused his heat stroke.
The longer he is exposed to the heat, the more severe he will become. Once
you have removed him from the hot environment, you can remove all
clothing and begin cooling procedures.
◍ A 49 y/o M complains of severe right upper quadrant abdominal pain and
nausea. He has jaundice and is febrile. Vital signs are BP 98/60, P 92, R 16.
What should you suspect?a. hepatitisb. gall stonesc. gastric ulcersd.
pancreatitis.
Answer: a. hepatitis The liver is located in the RUQ of the abdomen. The
body's response is a fever. He is jaundiced, because of the excess bilirubin
in his body. A normal functioning liver excretes bilirubin as bile.
◍ During cleanup operations after a house fire, a firefighter complains of a
headache, dizziness, and slight difficulty breathing. He reports not having
worn his breathing apparatus for the past 30 mins. What should you
suspect?a. CO poisoningb. mild hyperventilationc. acute hypoglycaemiad.
asthma exacerbation.
Answer: a. CO poisoning Indicated by difficulty breathing and dizziness.
Can result from exposure to partial combusted organic material. Because he
was not wearing his mask, he breathed in an excessive amount of smoke.
◍ A confused 56 y/o F is complaining of a headache and presents with pale,
diaphoretic skin. She has had diarrhoea for 2 days. Vital signs are BP 80/40,
P 120, R 16. What is the most likely cause?a. insulin shockb. food
poisoningc. dehydrationd. diabetic ketoacidosis.
Answer: c. dehydration Diarrhoea inhibits food and nutrient exchange in the
digestive tract. It also causes fluid loss. Prolonged diarrhoea can cause
, hypovolemic shock and dehydration. He needs medication to prevent fluid
loss and to allow for fluid replacement.
◍ An unresponsive 19 y/o F has OD'ed on an unknown medication. She has
pinpoint pupils and cool skin. Vital signs are BP 84/50, P 72, R8, SpO2
82%. What class of medication should you suspect?a. narcoticb.
antidepressantc. stimulantd. sedative.
Answer: a. narcoticPinpoint pupils and bradypnoea are hallmark signs for a
narcotic OD. The prehospital care includes assisting ventilations and
transporting to definitive care. Some ALS service will be able to reverse
narcotic ODs, but these pts will still need to be transported to a hospital.
◍ Respiratory medical emergencies.
Answer: asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis
◍ Cardiovascular medical emergencies.
Answer: heart attack (myocardial infarction), congestive heart failure
◍ Neurologic medical emergencies.
Answer: seizure, stroke, syncope
◍ Dispatch sends you to a possible seizure. As you arrive, you are advised the
seizure has stopped. Which phase is the patient most likely in?a. postictal b.
clonicc. aurad. tonic.
Answer: a. postictal This is the phase immediately after the seizure has
stopped. It is the recovery portion of the seizure. Pts can have an altered
mental status and appear unresponsive or "sleepy"/ You should monitor the
airway, protect c-spine, and obtain a blood glucose analysis if allowed.
◍ Gastrointestinal medical emergencies.
Answer: appendicitis, diverticulitis, pancreatitis
◍ Urologic medical emergencies.
Answer: kidney stones, bladder infection
◍ Endocrine medical emergencies.
Answer: diabetes mellitus
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ A 20 y/o M is agitated and complains of nausea. He tells you, "I feel like my
heart is going to jump out of my chest." Vital signs are BP 142/90, P 140, R
24, and warm, moist skin. Which drug should you suspect?a. narcoticsb.
opioidsc. alcohold. amphetamines.
Answer: d. amphetaminesAmphetamines stimulate the central nervous
system, causing an increase in all vital signs. He is tachycardia, tachypneoic,
and hypertensive.
◍ An 83 y/o F is diaphoretic and has an altered mental status. Her caregiver
states, "She is more out of it than normal, and she slapped me." What should
you suspect?a. dementiab. transient ischemic attackc. hyperglycaemiad.
hypoglycaemia.
Answer: d. hypoglycaemiaWhich an abrupt change in mental status, you
should suspect hypoglycaemia. She is agitated with an altered mental status
and she is diaphoretic. This is treatable in the prehospital setting.
◍ Medical emergencies.
Answer: involves illnesses or conditions caused by disease
◍ A 50 y/o M complains of a sudden onset of abdominal pain and appears pale
and weak. Vitals are BP 84/50, P 110, R 22. What should you suspect?a.
gastroenteritisb. appendicitis c. intestinal obstructiond. GI bleed.
Answer: d. GI bleedHe is hypotensive and tachycardic. He is showing signs
and symptoms of shock. GI bleeding can have an acute onset or be hidden
and disguised for long periods of time. A thorough history of the patient's
bowel movements, frequency and colour changes will help identify the
location of the bleed within the abdomen.
,◍ An unresponsive 22 y/o M was found outside on a hot and humid day. His
skin is hot and moist. What should you do?a. remove all of his clothing and
wrap him in a dry sheetb. administer cool fluids by mouthc. move him to the
air-conditioned ambulanced. begin actively cooling with cold packs around
the groin.
Answer: c. move him to the air-conditioned ambulanceThe first treatment
option is to remove him from the environment that caused his heat stroke.
The longer he is exposed to the heat, the more severe he will become. Once
you have removed him from the hot environment, you can remove all
clothing and begin cooling procedures.
◍ A 49 y/o M complains of severe right upper quadrant abdominal pain and
nausea. He has jaundice and is febrile. Vital signs are BP 98/60, P 92, R 16.
What should you suspect?a. hepatitisb. gall stonesc. gastric ulcersd.
pancreatitis.
Answer: a. hepatitis The liver is located in the RUQ of the abdomen. The
body's response is a fever. He is jaundiced, because of the excess bilirubin
in his body. A normal functioning liver excretes bilirubin as bile.
◍ During cleanup operations after a house fire, a firefighter complains of a
headache, dizziness, and slight difficulty breathing. He reports not having
worn his breathing apparatus for the past 30 mins. What should you
suspect?a. CO poisoningb. mild hyperventilationc. acute hypoglycaemiad.
asthma exacerbation.
Answer: a. CO poisoning Indicated by difficulty breathing and dizziness.
Can result from exposure to partial combusted organic material. Because he
was not wearing his mask, he breathed in an excessive amount of smoke.
◍ A confused 56 y/o F is complaining of a headache and presents with pale,
diaphoretic skin. She has had diarrhoea for 2 days. Vital signs are BP 80/40,
P 120, R 16. What is the most likely cause?a. insulin shockb. food
poisoningc. dehydrationd. diabetic ketoacidosis.
Answer: c. dehydration Diarrhoea inhibits food and nutrient exchange in the
digestive tract. It also causes fluid loss. Prolonged diarrhoea can cause
, hypovolemic shock and dehydration. He needs medication to prevent fluid
loss and to allow for fluid replacement.
◍ An unresponsive 19 y/o F has OD'ed on an unknown medication. She has
pinpoint pupils and cool skin. Vital signs are BP 84/50, P 72, R8, SpO2
82%. What class of medication should you suspect?a. narcoticb.
antidepressantc. stimulantd. sedative.
Answer: a. narcoticPinpoint pupils and bradypnoea are hallmark signs for a
narcotic OD. The prehospital care includes assisting ventilations and
transporting to definitive care. Some ALS service will be able to reverse
narcotic ODs, but these pts will still need to be transported to a hospital.
◍ Respiratory medical emergencies.
Answer: asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis
◍ Cardiovascular medical emergencies.
Answer: heart attack (myocardial infarction), congestive heart failure
◍ Neurologic medical emergencies.
Answer: seizure, stroke, syncope
◍ Dispatch sends you to a possible seizure. As you arrive, you are advised the
seizure has stopped. Which phase is the patient most likely in?a. postictal b.
clonicc. aurad. tonic.
Answer: a. postictal This is the phase immediately after the seizure has
stopped. It is the recovery portion of the seizure. Pts can have an altered
mental status and appear unresponsive or "sleepy"/ You should monitor the
airway, protect c-spine, and obtain a blood glucose analysis if allowed.
◍ Gastrointestinal medical emergencies.
Answer: appendicitis, diverticulitis, pancreatitis
◍ Urologic medical emergencies.
Answer: kidney stones, bladder infection
◍ Endocrine medical emergencies.
Answer: diabetes mellitus
