NUR 631 Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology 2026 | GCU
| Latest Update | Questions & Answers | Graded A+
1. Which of the following is a condition characterized by the accumulation of
excess fat in the liver?
Fatty liver disease
Cholecystitis
Cirrhosis
Hepatitis
2. Kaposi sarcoma is a cancer that causes lesions in the soft tissue. Which
condition is it associated with?
AIDS
Hyperparathryoidism
Renal disease
Diabetes
3. Describe the developmental process that leads to the formation of a cleft lip.
A cleft lip occurs when the nasal and inner maxillary processes fail
to fuse properly during embryonic development.
A cleft lip results from a genetic mutation that affects skin elasticity.
A cleft lip is a result of improper nutrition during fetal development.
A cleft lip is caused by environmental factors affecting the mother
during pregnancy.
4. A 65-year-old patient who recently suffered a cerebrovascular accident
(CVA) is now unable to recognize and identify objects by touch because of
, injury to the sensory cortex. How should the nurse document this finding?
Hypomimesis
Agnosia
Echolalia
Dysphasia
5. This part of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination. It is
involuntary.
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Brain Stem
Amygdala
6. Which electrolyte is primarily affected in cases of lithium toxicity?
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Chloride
7. If an older adult presents with elevated serum creatinine levels, what should a
healthcare provider consider regarding their kidney function?
The provider should focus solely on hydration status.
The provider should disregard the lab results as normal for older
adults.
, The provider should consider age-related decline in kidney
function.
The provider should assume acute kidney injury is the cause.
8. What type of cerebral edema is associated with increased capillary
permeability in the brain?
Hydrocephalus
Interstitial edema
Vasogenic edema
Cytotoxic edema
9. You are assessing an infant who is very congested. Why can nasal be a major
problem in the first few months of life?
because the liver is so large in patient of this age
because it is an indication of life threatening airway compromise
because children of this age are primarily nasal breathers
because the children breath with their diaphragm
10. What does a pH of 7.25 indicate in terms of acid-base balance?
Neutral pH
Alkalosis
Acidosis
Respiratory failure
11. What is the most prevalent heart defect associated with Down syndrome?
Pulmonary stenosis
, Atrioventricular septal defect
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
12. A 55-year-old man presents to the ED with left-sided chest and shoulder
pain which started while he was out walking. He has had similar pains
occasionally over the past 8 months, but somehow the pain seems worse
today. For the first time, it did not go away with rest. This patient does not
meet criteria for unstable angina and the troponin is negative. What will we
do next?
Order troponin again immediately
Send the patient home and tell them to return if symptoms become
worse
Admit patient for observation and start serial ECG & labs (q4-6 hrs)
13. Which clinical finding among older adults is most likely to be viewed as a
normal part of age-related changes?
90-year-old client whose blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is rising
78-year-old client whose glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been
steadily declining over several years
81-year-old client whose serum creatinine level has increased sharply
since the last blood work
80-year-old cliet whose dipstick urine reveals protein is present
14. What is the primary purpose of conducting a renal biopsy in cases of
glomerular nephritis?
To assess blood flow to the kidneys.
To perform a surgical intervention on the kidneys.
| Latest Update | Questions & Answers | Graded A+
1. Which of the following is a condition characterized by the accumulation of
excess fat in the liver?
Fatty liver disease
Cholecystitis
Cirrhosis
Hepatitis
2. Kaposi sarcoma is a cancer that causes lesions in the soft tissue. Which
condition is it associated with?
AIDS
Hyperparathryoidism
Renal disease
Diabetes
3. Describe the developmental process that leads to the formation of a cleft lip.
A cleft lip occurs when the nasal and inner maxillary processes fail
to fuse properly during embryonic development.
A cleft lip results from a genetic mutation that affects skin elasticity.
A cleft lip is a result of improper nutrition during fetal development.
A cleft lip is caused by environmental factors affecting the mother
during pregnancy.
4. A 65-year-old patient who recently suffered a cerebrovascular accident
(CVA) is now unable to recognize and identify objects by touch because of
, injury to the sensory cortex. How should the nurse document this finding?
Hypomimesis
Agnosia
Echolalia
Dysphasia
5. This part of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination. It is
involuntary.
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Brain Stem
Amygdala
6. Which electrolyte is primarily affected in cases of lithium toxicity?
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Chloride
7. If an older adult presents with elevated serum creatinine levels, what should a
healthcare provider consider regarding their kidney function?
The provider should focus solely on hydration status.
The provider should disregard the lab results as normal for older
adults.
, The provider should consider age-related decline in kidney
function.
The provider should assume acute kidney injury is the cause.
8. What type of cerebral edema is associated with increased capillary
permeability in the brain?
Hydrocephalus
Interstitial edema
Vasogenic edema
Cytotoxic edema
9. You are assessing an infant who is very congested. Why can nasal be a major
problem in the first few months of life?
because the liver is so large in patient of this age
because it is an indication of life threatening airway compromise
because children of this age are primarily nasal breathers
because the children breath with their diaphragm
10. What does a pH of 7.25 indicate in terms of acid-base balance?
Neutral pH
Alkalosis
Acidosis
Respiratory failure
11. What is the most prevalent heart defect associated with Down syndrome?
Pulmonary stenosis
, Atrioventricular septal defect
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
12. A 55-year-old man presents to the ED with left-sided chest and shoulder
pain which started while he was out walking. He has had similar pains
occasionally over the past 8 months, but somehow the pain seems worse
today. For the first time, it did not go away with rest. This patient does not
meet criteria for unstable angina and the troponin is negative. What will we
do next?
Order troponin again immediately
Send the patient home and tell them to return if symptoms become
worse
Admit patient for observation and start serial ECG & labs (q4-6 hrs)
13. Which clinical finding among older adults is most likely to be viewed as a
normal part of age-related changes?
90-year-old client whose blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is rising
78-year-old client whose glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been
steadily declining over several years
81-year-old client whose serum creatinine level has increased sharply
since the last blood work
80-year-old cliet whose dipstick urine reveals protein is present
14. What is the primary purpose of conducting a renal biopsy in cases of
glomerular nephritis?
To assess blood flow to the kidneys.
To perform a surgical intervention on the kidneys.
