MANAGEMENT TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ 1847.
Answer: founding of American Medical Association (AMA)
◉ AMA.
Answer: -established standards for preliminary medical education for the
degree of MD
-Code of medical ethics
-recommended use of anesthetic agents for surgery and obstetrics
-noted the dangers of secret remedies (snake oil) and patent medicines
-recommended that state governments register births, marriages, and
deaths
◉ advances that made practice of medicine more successful in treating
health problems.
Answer: -improvements in surgery made during the civil war
-application to medicine of advances in bacteriology by scientists such
as louis pasteur
◉ provided the start for some of the largest names in the modern
pharmaceutical industry : wyeth, pfizer, squibb.
Answer: demand for therapeutics fueled by the civil war
,◉ 1861.
Answer: founding U.S. nursing corps
◉ nursing corps.
Answer: -created ambulance-to-emergency room system we know today
-established hierarchy of treatment stations to type of hospital facilities
◉ 1899.
Answer: founding of association of hospital superintendents
◉ Association of hospital superintendents became.
Answer: American hospital association (AHA)
◉ 1900.
Answer: adoption of the Bertillon or International List of Causes of
Death
◉ Bertillon or International List of Causes of death.
Answer: -predecessor of the international classification of diseases
(ICD)
-brought some standards and criteria in the study of diseases
◉ both public and private sectors were involved in.
,Answer: -providing health care coverage
-building the American health care infrastructure
◉ 1811.
Answer: access to health care for members of the military, vets, and fam
had become a public sector initiative
◉ 1910.
Answer: early forerunners of health insurance plans appeared as
"prepaid" group practices
-plan members paid a monthly premium and received a wide range of
medical services through exclusive group of providers
◉ 1929.
Answer: Blue cross plans were established to provide "prepaid" hospital
care to workers in the dallas public school system
-Baylor created it
◉ Blue Cross Blue Shield developed nationwide due to.
Answer: the U.S. entering WW2 w/ caps on wages
◉ 1940s.
Answer: BCBS unified
, ◉ BCBS together served.
Answer: 24M, 81 hospital plans 44 med plans
◉ by 1960s BC had.
Answer: 52M
◉ by 1960s BS had.
Answer: 40M
◉ BCBS covered what percent fed employees.
Answer: 33%
◉ BCBS offered by.
Answer: voluntary, nonprofit companies
-established as charitable and benevolent organizations
◉ BCBS used what to set prices for their products.
Answer: community rating
◉ why did BCBS use community rating.
Answer: data was too poor to do anything else
◉ community rating refers to.