NUR 631 Midterm Exam Review 2026 | Most Tested
Questions & Verified Answers | Graded A+
1. This severe complication can result if all parathyroid glands are removed.
extreme weight loss
tetany
metabolic imbalance
jaundice
2. What type of pressure is reduced due to low plasma albumin levels, leading
to edema?
Osmotic pressure
Blood pressure
Hydrostatic pressure
Oncotic pressure
3. If a drug were to block sodium channels in neurons, what effect would this
have on action potential generation?
It would have no effect on action potentials.
It would prevent action potentials from being initiated.
It would enhance the frequency of action potentials.
It would cause action potentials to occur at a higher threshold.
4. What type of cells does HIV primarily infect?
Macrophages
CD4 T cells
, B cells
Neutrophils
5. Describe the inheritance pattern of an autosomal recessive disease and its
implications for offspring.
The disease can be inherited from any ancestor, not just the parents.
Only one parent needs to carry the gene for the child to be affected.
A child must inherit two copies of the defective gene, one from each
parent, to express the disease.
A child can express the disease with one copy of the defective gene
from either parent.
6. Describe why type O blood is classified as the universal donor in blood
transfusions.
Type O blood contains both A and B antigens, making it compatible
with all blood types.
Type O blood has a high concentration of antibodies that neutralize
other blood types.
Type O blood is the most common blood type, making it widely
accepted.
Type O blood is classified as the universal donor because it lacks A
and B antigens, preventing immune reactions in recipients.
7. Describe the significance of the mono spot test in diagnosing infectious
mononucleosis.
The mono spot test identifies the Epstein-Barr virus directly.
, The mono spot test measures white blood cell count to confirm the
diagnosis.
The mono spot test assesses liver function in patients with IM.
The mono spot test is significant because it detects heterophile
antibodies, which are typically present in patients with infectious
mononucleosis.
8. What condition is characterized by severe unilateral headaches, lacrimation,
and nasal congestion?
Sinusitis
Migraine
Tension headache
Cluster headache
9. A person may experience which complication as a result of a reduction of
parathyroid hormone
hyporeflexia
muscle spasms
tonic- clonic spasms
asphyxiation
laryngeal spasms
10. A 30-year-old female comes in complaining of fatigue, at times dyspnea on
exertion, and palpitations when going up the stairs. She also mentions a rare
desire to constantly chew ice. On examination you note her tongue looks
smooth and her nails are spoon-shaped. These findings are specific to which
type of anemia?
, Iron deficiency anemia
Folate deficiency
Thalassemia
B12 deficiency
11. If a patient has a condition that causes excessive secretion of aldosterone,
what physiological effect might you expect to observe?
Increased blood pressure due to sodium and water retention
Increased potassium levels leading to muscle weakness
Decreased blood pressure due to fluid loss
Decreased sodium levels affecting hydration status
12. Describe how the presence of ketones in the serum relates to insulin
deficiency in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis.
The presence of ketones suggests an excess of insulin in the body.
The presence of ketones shows that glucose is being metabolized
normally.
The presence of ketones indicates that the body is using fat for
energy due to insufficient insulin to utilize glucose.
The presence of ketones is unrelated to insulin levels.
13. Which factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the myocardium
associated with hypertension?
Insulin resistance
Angiotensin II
Adducin
Questions & Verified Answers | Graded A+
1. This severe complication can result if all parathyroid glands are removed.
extreme weight loss
tetany
metabolic imbalance
jaundice
2. What type of pressure is reduced due to low plasma albumin levels, leading
to edema?
Osmotic pressure
Blood pressure
Hydrostatic pressure
Oncotic pressure
3. If a drug were to block sodium channels in neurons, what effect would this
have on action potential generation?
It would have no effect on action potentials.
It would prevent action potentials from being initiated.
It would enhance the frequency of action potentials.
It would cause action potentials to occur at a higher threshold.
4. What type of cells does HIV primarily infect?
Macrophages
CD4 T cells
, B cells
Neutrophils
5. Describe the inheritance pattern of an autosomal recessive disease and its
implications for offspring.
The disease can be inherited from any ancestor, not just the parents.
Only one parent needs to carry the gene for the child to be affected.
A child must inherit two copies of the defective gene, one from each
parent, to express the disease.
A child can express the disease with one copy of the defective gene
from either parent.
6. Describe why type O blood is classified as the universal donor in blood
transfusions.
Type O blood contains both A and B antigens, making it compatible
with all blood types.
Type O blood has a high concentration of antibodies that neutralize
other blood types.
Type O blood is the most common blood type, making it widely
accepted.
Type O blood is classified as the universal donor because it lacks A
and B antigens, preventing immune reactions in recipients.
7. Describe the significance of the mono spot test in diagnosing infectious
mononucleosis.
The mono spot test identifies the Epstein-Barr virus directly.
, The mono spot test measures white blood cell count to confirm the
diagnosis.
The mono spot test assesses liver function in patients with IM.
The mono spot test is significant because it detects heterophile
antibodies, which are typically present in patients with infectious
mononucleosis.
8. What condition is characterized by severe unilateral headaches, lacrimation,
and nasal congestion?
Sinusitis
Migraine
Tension headache
Cluster headache
9. A person may experience which complication as a result of a reduction of
parathyroid hormone
hyporeflexia
muscle spasms
tonic- clonic spasms
asphyxiation
laryngeal spasms
10. A 30-year-old female comes in complaining of fatigue, at times dyspnea on
exertion, and palpitations when going up the stairs. She also mentions a rare
desire to constantly chew ice. On examination you note her tongue looks
smooth and her nails are spoon-shaped. These findings are specific to which
type of anemia?
, Iron deficiency anemia
Folate deficiency
Thalassemia
B12 deficiency
11. If a patient has a condition that causes excessive secretion of aldosterone,
what physiological effect might you expect to observe?
Increased blood pressure due to sodium and water retention
Increased potassium levels leading to muscle weakness
Decreased blood pressure due to fluid loss
Decreased sodium levels affecting hydration status
12. Describe how the presence of ketones in the serum relates to insulin
deficiency in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis.
The presence of ketones suggests an excess of insulin in the body.
The presence of ketones shows that glucose is being metabolized
normally.
The presence of ketones indicates that the body is using fat for
energy due to insufficient insulin to utilize glucose.
The presence of ketones is unrelated to insulin levels.
13. Which factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the myocardium
associated with hypertension?
Insulin resistance
Angiotensin II
Adducin
