NSG 3600 (Peds) Exam 2 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS (DETAILED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ | 2026
UPDATE
Congestive Heart Failure Etiology
Inability of the heart to perform is function of moving blood forward. Caused by CHD,
dysrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, Kawasaki's.
Congestive Heart Failure Signs and Symptoms for Baby
Poor feed, poor growth, irritability, shortness of air, exercise intolerance, peripheral edema
(puffy legs and feet). The child uses a lot of energy in feeding so they can get tired which causes
poor feeding.
Congestive Heart Failure Treatment/Interventions
Monitor Vital signs, keep the child comfortable, oxygenation when needed. Give medications
(Angiotensin Converting Enzyme -ACE- Inhibitor (Captopril) Vasodilation, Cardiac Glycoside
(Digoxin), Loop Diuretic (Furosemide)).
What is important information to know about Digoxin?
Makes the heart pump harder so we need to make sure we DO NOT give this medication if their
heart rate is less than 90 in infant OR 70 in child. Toxicity of this drug can cause bradycardia and
NV.
What is important information we need to know about Furosemide when it comes to
Congestive Heart Failure?
,We need to watch the potassium levels when it comes to this drug. If the levels begin to decrease
the digoxin levels will increase causing toxicity.
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Simple defect of the atria results when the two septae fail to overlap properly. Will occur in the
second intercostal space and is on the LEFT side. Sound will either be blowing or very harsh.
These kids will be surgery due to their defect not closing on its own.
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
MOST COMMON! Defect of the ventricles when the two septae fail to overlap properly. Is in
the lower intercostal space. You can feel it with your hand. The spleen and liver will be enlarged
due to extra blood flow. The sound will be very harsh sounding.
Treatment for Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) and Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Watch for spontaneous closure, surgical repair, monitor vitals signs, watch for bleeding
tamponade or migration of the device (chest pain, sudden decrease in BP, palpation) Watch
oxygenation and do congestive heart failure management.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
In utero, the shunt serves the purpose to bypass the lungs. The ducts starts to close usually within
48 hours but can take as long as 1 year. If the whole is too large we would need to patch it. This
causes blood to go into the lungs that is not oxygenated.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Clinical Manifestations
, Harsh murmur-Left subconfiural margin sound machine like and depends on the side of the
defect. The smaller it is the louder it is. Systolic is higher and the Diastolic gets lower. Frequent
colds, susceptible to RSV, poor feeding/poor growth pattern.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Therapeutic Management
Medical care is usually closure by surgery or a transcatheter device. Postop measures are wound
care, monitoring vital signs, hydration/nutrition.
Pulmonic Stenosis: Pathophysiology
Malformation of the pulmonary artery or pulmonic valve. Increase workload on right ventricle.
Pulmonic Stenosis: Clinical Manifestations
These kids could have their valve replace. If any of these kids have oxygen issues while on wall
oxygen there are more issues and other problems.
Pulmonic Stenosis: Therapeutic Management
Reducing stressful situations that may cause high blood pressure. Angioplasty or valvulopasty.
Aortic Stenosis: Pathophysiology
Malformation and narrowing in the aorta or around the aortic valve. Kids can pass out from
overexertion and can cause heart failure.
Coarctation of the Aorta: Pathophysiology
A narrowing or constriction of the descending aorta distal to the carotid arteries. Decrease blood
pressure and decrease pulses in lower part of the lower body. Which makes the upper body have
bounding and high pressure.
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS (DETAILED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ | 2026
UPDATE
Congestive Heart Failure Etiology
Inability of the heart to perform is function of moving blood forward. Caused by CHD,
dysrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, Kawasaki's.
Congestive Heart Failure Signs and Symptoms for Baby
Poor feed, poor growth, irritability, shortness of air, exercise intolerance, peripheral edema
(puffy legs and feet). The child uses a lot of energy in feeding so they can get tired which causes
poor feeding.
Congestive Heart Failure Treatment/Interventions
Monitor Vital signs, keep the child comfortable, oxygenation when needed. Give medications
(Angiotensin Converting Enzyme -ACE- Inhibitor (Captopril) Vasodilation, Cardiac Glycoside
(Digoxin), Loop Diuretic (Furosemide)).
What is important information to know about Digoxin?
Makes the heart pump harder so we need to make sure we DO NOT give this medication if their
heart rate is less than 90 in infant OR 70 in child. Toxicity of this drug can cause bradycardia and
NV.
What is important information we need to know about Furosemide when it comes to
Congestive Heart Failure?
,We need to watch the potassium levels when it comes to this drug. If the levels begin to decrease
the digoxin levels will increase causing toxicity.
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Simple defect of the atria results when the two septae fail to overlap properly. Will occur in the
second intercostal space and is on the LEFT side. Sound will either be blowing or very harsh.
These kids will be surgery due to their defect not closing on its own.
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
MOST COMMON! Defect of the ventricles when the two septae fail to overlap properly. Is in
the lower intercostal space. You can feel it with your hand. The spleen and liver will be enlarged
due to extra blood flow. The sound will be very harsh sounding.
Treatment for Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) and Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Watch for spontaneous closure, surgical repair, monitor vitals signs, watch for bleeding
tamponade or migration of the device (chest pain, sudden decrease in BP, palpation) Watch
oxygenation and do congestive heart failure management.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
In utero, the shunt serves the purpose to bypass the lungs. The ducts starts to close usually within
48 hours but can take as long as 1 year. If the whole is too large we would need to patch it. This
causes blood to go into the lungs that is not oxygenated.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Clinical Manifestations
, Harsh murmur-Left subconfiural margin sound machine like and depends on the side of the
defect. The smaller it is the louder it is. Systolic is higher and the Diastolic gets lower. Frequent
colds, susceptible to RSV, poor feeding/poor growth pattern.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Therapeutic Management
Medical care is usually closure by surgery or a transcatheter device. Postop measures are wound
care, monitoring vital signs, hydration/nutrition.
Pulmonic Stenosis: Pathophysiology
Malformation of the pulmonary artery or pulmonic valve. Increase workload on right ventricle.
Pulmonic Stenosis: Clinical Manifestations
These kids could have their valve replace. If any of these kids have oxygen issues while on wall
oxygen there are more issues and other problems.
Pulmonic Stenosis: Therapeutic Management
Reducing stressful situations that may cause high blood pressure. Angioplasty or valvulopasty.
Aortic Stenosis: Pathophysiology
Malformation and narrowing in the aorta or around the aortic valve. Kids can pass out from
overexertion and can cause heart failure.
Coarctation of the Aorta: Pathophysiology
A narrowing or constriction of the descending aorta distal to the carotid arteries. Decrease blood
pressure and decrease pulses in lower part of the lower body. Which makes the upper body have
bounding and high pressure.
