NSC Questions with complete solutions latest
2026/27 UPDATE
Function of carbs in the body
Provide energy, fuel the brain and nervous system, spare protein, help with fat metabolism.
Glycemic response
How quickly a food raises blood glucose after eating.
Glycemic index (GI)
A ranking of foods based on how fast they raise blood glucose.
How the body manages blood glucose
Insulin lowers blood glucose by helping cells take in glucose. Glucagon raises blood glucose by
releasing stored glucose from the liver.
Monosaccharides
Glucose, fructose, galactose.
Disaccharides
Sucrose, lactose, maltose.
Polysaccharides
Starch, glycogen, fiber.
Difference between starch and fiber
Starch is digestible; fiber is not digestible.
, Soluble vs insoluble fiber
Soluble: dissolves in water; slows digestion; oats, beans, fruits; lowers cholesterol. Insoluble:
adds bulk; whole grains, vegetables; prevents constipation.
Insulin vs glucagon
Insulin lowers blood sugar after eating. Glucagon raises blood sugar when fasting.
Type 1 vs Type 2 diabetes
Type 1: autoimmune, pancreas makes no insulin. Type 2: insulin resistance.
Gluten
Protein in wheat, barley, rye.
Celiac disease cause
Autoimmune reaction to gluten.
Normal fasting blood glucose
70-99 mg/dL.
Probiotic vs prebiotic
Probiotic: live bacteria (yogurt, kefir). Prebiotic: food for bacteria (fiber, onions, garlic,
bananas).
Carbohydrate absorption
Small intestine as monosaccharides.
Cause of lactose intolerance
2026/27 UPDATE
Function of carbs in the body
Provide energy, fuel the brain and nervous system, spare protein, help with fat metabolism.
Glycemic response
How quickly a food raises blood glucose after eating.
Glycemic index (GI)
A ranking of foods based on how fast they raise blood glucose.
How the body manages blood glucose
Insulin lowers blood glucose by helping cells take in glucose. Glucagon raises blood glucose by
releasing stored glucose from the liver.
Monosaccharides
Glucose, fructose, galactose.
Disaccharides
Sucrose, lactose, maltose.
Polysaccharides
Starch, glycogen, fiber.
Difference between starch and fiber
Starch is digestible; fiber is not digestible.
, Soluble vs insoluble fiber
Soluble: dissolves in water; slows digestion; oats, beans, fruits; lowers cholesterol. Insoluble:
adds bulk; whole grains, vegetables; prevents constipation.
Insulin vs glucagon
Insulin lowers blood sugar after eating. Glucagon raises blood sugar when fasting.
Type 1 vs Type 2 diabetes
Type 1: autoimmune, pancreas makes no insulin. Type 2: insulin resistance.
Gluten
Protein in wheat, barley, rye.
Celiac disease cause
Autoimmune reaction to gluten.
Normal fasting blood glucose
70-99 mg/dL.
Probiotic vs prebiotic
Probiotic: live bacteria (yogurt, kefir). Prebiotic: food for bacteria (fiber, onions, garlic,
bananas).
Carbohydrate absorption
Small intestine as monosaccharides.
Cause of lactose intolerance
