complications of HF:
Give this one a try later!
, 1) Pleural Effusion
-> if pt. is in left-sided hf & there is leaking from pulmonary capillaries into
pleural space, fluid can accumulate in this space & cause a pleural effusion
(buildup of fluid between the tissues that line the lungs & the chest).
2) Arrhythmias
-> atrial arrhythmias (not usually life threatening) & ventricular arrhythmias
(usually life threatening).
- up to 50% of hf pt.s may experience sudden cardiac death due to a
ventricular arrhythmia.
3) Left Ventricle Thrombus
-> if LV is not pumping well, & there is some sedentary blood in the LV, it
can cause a clot.
4) Hepatomegaly
-> right-sided hf pt.s may have enlarged livers from the swelling.
- sometimes this swelling can impact the liver functioning.
how can I assess my patient's cardiac output without a fancy hemodynamic
monitoring system?
Give this one a try later!
- we can use different types of catheters that can measure all the pressures
of the heart.
- if we don't have catheters, we can judge their cardiac output based on
their skin color (pale or pink), skin temp (cool or warm), capillary refill time,
& their BP/HR.
how are our bodies able to defend itself from cancer agents?
Give this one a try later!
, --> our bodies perceive the abnormal cancer cells as "non-self"!!!
The Role of the Immune System:
-> cancer cells produce on their cell surface "Tumor-associated antigen"
(TAAs).
-> our body uses "immunological surveillance", where lymphocytes detect
these TAA antigens & attempt to destroy the cancer cells.
-> Immune Response includes....
- T-Cells (stops tumor growth).
- Natural Killer Cells (can go in & destroy the tumors).
- Macrophages & B-Lymphocytes (help identify
abnormal cells in order to destroy them).
case study example:
- L.M. tells you "I knew I would get cancer one day since my mother had it." What can
you tell her about the genetic link in the initiation phase of cancer development?
Give this one a try later!
- only about 5% of cancers have a genetic component, so cancer is not
necessarily an inherited disease.
- cells are constantly changing and being influenced by our environment,
so our cells are not the same as when we were born with them.
- if we have one abnormal cell in our body, our body could repair the cell
or our immune system could kill it & we would be fine; it becomes a
problem when those abnormal cells multiply.
The nurse is preparing a patient for discharge after a right below the knee amputation.
What teaching should the nurse include? select all that apply.
a. Elevate the residual limb on a pillow above heart level when resting
, b. If irritation develops under the prosthesis, pad the area with cotton gauze
c. Change and launder the residual limb sock weekly
d. Lie in the prone position with hip fully extended for 30 minutes three times a day
Give this one a try later!
d. Lie in the prone position with hip fully extended for 30 minutes three
times a day
A patient has been prescribed ibuprofen (Motrin). Which effect should the nurse
instruct the patient to immediately report?
a) blurred vision
b) nasal stiffness
c) urinary retention
d) black or tarry stools
Give this one a try later!
d) black or tarry stools
what are some lifestyle modifications you could teach your patient with
hypertension?
a) increase protein intake.
b) exercise at least 1 hour a day.
c) stop smoking.
d) restrict fluids.
Give this one a try later!
Give this one a try later!
, 1) Pleural Effusion
-> if pt. is in left-sided hf & there is leaking from pulmonary capillaries into
pleural space, fluid can accumulate in this space & cause a pleural effusion
(buildup of fluid between the tissues that line the lungs & the chest).
2) Arrhythmias
-> atrial arrhythmias (not usually life threatening) & ventricular arrhythmias
(usually life threatening).
- up to 50% of hf pt.s may experience sudden cardiac death due to a
ventricular arrhythmia.
3) Left Ventricle Thrombus
-> if LV is not pumping well, & there is some sedentary blood in the LV, it
can cause a clot.
4) Hepatomegaly
-> right-sided hf pt.s may have enlarged livers from the swelling.
- sometimes this swelling can impact the liver functioning.
how can I assess my patient's cardiac output without a fancy hemodynamic
monitoring system?
Give this one a try later!
- we can use different types of catheters that can measure all the pressures
of the heart.
- if we don't have catheters, we can judge their cardiac output based on
their skin color (pale or pink), skin temp (cool or warm), capillary refill time,
& their BP/HR.
how are our bodies able to defend itself from cancer agents?
Give this one a try later!
, --> our bodies perceive the abnormal cancer cells as "non-self"!!!
The Role of the Immune System:
-> cancer cells produce on their cell surface "Tumor-associated antigen"
(TAAs).
-> our body uses "immunological surveillance", where lymphocytes detect
these TAA antigens & attempt to destroy the cancer cells.
-> Immune Response includes....
- T-Cells (stops tumor growth).
- Natural Killer Cells (can go in & destroy the tumors).
- Macrophages & B-Lymphocytes (help identify
abnormal cells in order to destroy them).
case study example:
- L.M. tells you "I knew I would get cancer one day since my mother had it." What can
you tell her about the genetic link in the initiation phase of cancer development?
Give this one a try later!
- only about 5% of cancers have a genetic component, so cancer is not
necessarily an inherited disease.
- cells are constantly changing and being influenced by our environment,
so our cells are not the same as when we were born with them.
- if we have one abnormal cell in our body, our body could repair the cell
or our immune system could kill it & we would be fine; it becomes a
problem when those abnormal cells multiply.
The nurse is preparing a patient for discharge after a right below the knee amputation.
What teaching should the nurse include? select all that apply.
a. Elevate the residual limb on a pillow above heart level when resting
, b. If irritation develops under the prosthesis, pad the area with cotton gauze
c. Change and launder the residual limb sock weekly
d. Lie in the prone position with hip fully extended for 30 minutes three times a day
Give this one a try later!
d. Lie in the prone position with hip fully extended for 30 minutes three
times a day
A patient has been prescribed ibuprofen (Motrin). Which effect should the nurse
instruct the patient to immediately report?
a) blurred vision
b) nasal stiffness
c) urinary retention
d) black or tarry stools
Give this one a try later!
d) black or tarry stools
what are some lifestyle modifications you could teach your patient with
hypertension?
a) increase protein intake.
b) exercise at least 1 hour a day.
c) stop smoking.
d) restrict fluids.
Give this one a try later!
