BIOL 331 | BIOL331 Module 1:
Pathophysiology Updated and Latest
Questions and Correct Answers with
Rationale - Portage Learning
Fundamentals of Pathophysiology (1–20)
1. What is the definition of pathophysiology?
A) The study of body structures
B) The study of functional changes in the body due to disease
C) The study of drug interactions
D) The study of psychological disorders
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pathophysiology combines pathology (structural changes) and
physiology (functional changes) to explain how disease alters normal body
function.
2. A patient reports feeling dizzy and nauseated. These are examples of:
A) Signs
B) Symptoms
C) Diagnoses
D) Prognoses
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Symptoms are subjective complaints reported by the patient; signs are
objective and measurable by others.
,3. Which term refers to the predicted outcome of a disease?
A) Diagnosis
B) Etiology
C) Prognosis
D) Morbidity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prognosis is the likely course and outcome of a disease. Etiology is the
cause.
4. A screening mammogram is an example of which prevention level?
A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary prevention focuses on early disease detection before
symptoms appear.
5. Which prevention level includes rehabilitation after a stroke?
A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tertiary prevention aims to reduce disability and improve quality of
life after disease establishment.
6. Vaccination against measles is an example of:
A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
, C) Tertiary prevention
D) Diagnosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary prevention prevents disease before it occurs (e.g., vaccines,
lifestyle changes).
7. The proportion of people with a disease who test positive is called:
A) Specificity
B) Sensitivity
C) Prevalence
D) Incidence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sensitivity = true positive rate. High sensitivity rules out disease
(SnNOUT).
8. The proportion of people without a disease who test negative is called:
A) Specificity
B) Sensitivity
C) Validity
D) Reliability
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Specificity = true negative rate. High specificity rules in disease
(SpPIN).
9. A test that gives consistent results each time it is used is said to be:
A) Valid
B) Sensitive
C) Specific
D) Reliable
Pathophysiology Updated and Latest
Questions and Correct Answers with
Rationale - Portage Learning
Fundamentals of Pathophysiology (1–20)
1. What is the definition of pathophysiology?
A) The study of body structures
B) The study of functional changes in the body due to disease
C) The study of drug interactions
D) The study of psychological disorders
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pathophysiology combines pathology (structural changes) and
physiology (functional changes) to explain how disease alters normal body
function.
2. A patient reports feeling dizzy and nauseated. These are examples of:
A) Signs
B) Symptoms
C) Diagnoses
D) Prognoses
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Symptoms are subjective complaints reported by the patient; signs are
objective and measurable by others.
,3. Which term refers to the predicted outcome of a disease?
A) Diagnosis
B) Etiology
C) Prognosis
D) Morbidity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prognosis is the likely course and outcome of a disease. Etiology is the
cause.
4. A screening mammogram is an example of which prevention level?
A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary prevention focuses on early disease detection before
symptoms appear.
5. Which prevention level includes rehabilitation after a stroke?
A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tertiary prevention aims to reduce disability and improve quality of
life after disease establishment.
6. Vaccination against measles is an example of:
A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
, C) Tertiary prevention
D) Diagnosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary prevention prevents disease before it occurs (e.g., vaccines,
lifestyle changes).
7. The proportion of people with a disease who test positive is called:
A) Specificity
B) Sensitivity
C) Prevalence
D) Incidence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sensitivity = true positive rate. High sensitivity rules out disease
(SnNOUT).
8. The proportion of people without a disease who test negative is called:
A) Specificity
B) Sensitivity
C) Validity
D) Reliability
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Specificity = true negative rate. High specificity rules in disease
(SpPIN).
9. A test that gives consistent results each time it is used is said to be:
A) Valid
B) Sensitive
C) Specific
D) Reliable
