NURS 231/NURS231 Module 10 V1 |
Pathophysiology Q&A with Rationale |
Portage Learning
1. A 65-year-old male presents with difficulty initiating urination and a weak stream. Which
of the following conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
A. Prostate Cancer
B. Testicular Cancer
C. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
D. Epididymitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-malignant enlargement of the
prostate gland that is common as men age. The enlargement causes compression of the
prostatic urethra, leading to obstructive urinary symptoms like hesitancy and a weak
stream. It is pathologically characterized by the proliferation of both stromal and epithelial
cells in the periurethral area.
2. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development and maintenance of the
female secondary sex characteristics?
A. Progesterone
B. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
,C. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Estrogen is the primary hormone involved in the development of female
secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development and body fat distribution. It
also plays a critical role in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle and the
maintenance of bone density. Without adequate estrogen, these physiological processes
and structural developments are significantly impaired.
3. A patient is diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Which of the following
clinical features is a hallmark of this condition?
A. Hypoandrogenism
B. Hyperandrogenism
C. Primary Amenorrhea
D. Hypernatremia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperandrogenism is a core clinical feature of PCOS, often manifesting as
hirsutism, acne, and male-pattern baldness. The pathophysiology involves an imbalance in
the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and insulin resistance, leading to increased
androgen production. This hormonal state interferes with normal ovulation and
contributes to the formation of multiple small cysts on the ovaries.
, 4. Which stage of Syphilis is characterized by the presence of a painless chancre at the site of
infection?
A. Secondary Stage
B. Primary Stage
C. Latent Stage
D. Tertiary Stage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary stage of Syphilis is identified by the appearance of a single,
painless sore called a chancre at the point where Treponema pallidum entered the body.
This sore typically heals within three to six weeks even without treatment, but the infection
remains. Failure to treat the primary stage leads to the dissemination of the bacteria and
progression to the secondary stage.
5. What is the most common cause of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?
A. Escherichia coli
B. Herpes Simplex Virus
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis
Correct Answer: D
Pathophysiology Q&A with Rationale |
Portage Learning
1. A 65-year-old male presents with difficulty initiating urination and a weak stream. Which
of the following conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
A. Prostate Cancer
B. Testicular Cancer
C. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
D. Epididymitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-malignant enlargement of the
prostate gland that is common as men age. The enlargement causes compression of the
prostatic urethra, leading to obstructive urinary symptoms like hesitancy and a weak
stream. It is pathologically characterized by the proliferation of both stromal and epithelial
cells in the periurethral area.
2. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development and maintenance of the
female secondary sex characteristics?
A. Progesterone
B. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
,C. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Estrogen is the primary hormone involved in the development of female
secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development and body fat distribution. It
also plays a critical role in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle and the
maintenance of bone density. Without adequate estrogen, these physiological processes
and structural developments are significantly impaired.
3. A patient is diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Which of the following
clinical features is a hallmark of this condition?
A. Hypoandrogenism
B. Hyperandrogenism
C. Primary Amenorrhea
D. Hypernatremia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperandrogenism is a core clinical feature of PCOS, often manifesting as
hirsutism, acne, and male-pattern baldness. The pathophysiology involves an imbalance in
the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and insulin resistance, leading to increased
androgen production. This hormonal state interferes with normal ovulation and
contributes to the formation of multiple small cysts on the ovaries.
, 4. Which stage of Syphilis is characterized by the presence of a painless chancre at the site of
infection?
A. Secondary Stage
B. Primary Stage
C. Latent Stage
D. Tertiary Stage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary stage of Syphilis is identified by the appearance of a single,
painless sore called a chancre at the point where Treponema pallidum entered the body.
This sore typically heals within three to six weeks even without treatment, but the infection
remains. Failure to treat the primary stage leads to the dissemination of the bacteria and
progression to the secondary stage.
5. What is the most common cause of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?
A. Escherichia coli
B. Herpes Simplex Virus
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis
Correct Answer: D
