NURS 231/NURS231 Module 9 V2 |
Pathophysiology Q&A with Rationale |
Portage Learning
1. Which condition is characterized by the presence of functioning endometrial tissue located
outside of the uterine cavity?
A. Adenomyosis
B. Endometriosis
C. Pelvic inflammatory disease
D. Endometrial hyperplasia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Endometriosis occurs when endometrial glands and stroma develop outside the
uterus, commonly on the ovaries or pelvic peritoneum. This ectopic tissue responds to
hormonal fluctuations of the menstrual cycle, leading to chronic inflammation and scarring.
It is a major cause of pelvic pain and infertility in women of reproductive age.
2. In Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), the enlargement of the prostate typically
compresses which structure?
A. Ureters
B. Urethra
C. Ejaculatory duct
,D. Vas deferens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: BPH involves the proliferation of prostatic tissue which narrows the prostatic
urethra, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms. Patients often experience difficulty
starting urination, a weak stream, and incomplete bladder emptying. This condition is
distinct from prostate cancer as it primarily involves the transitional zone surrounding the
urethra.
3. A patient presents with a painless, firm, ulcerated lesion on the penis. This is most likely
the primary stage of which infection?
A. Syphilis
B. Chlamydia
C. Gonorrhea
D. Genital herpes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary stage of syphilis is characterized by a chancre, which is typically a
single, painless, and firm sore at the site of infection. This lesion occurs approximately 3
weeks after exposure to Treponema pallidum and will heal without treatment. However,
the lack of treatment allows the bacteria to progress to secondary and tertiary stages.
, 4. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is frequently associated with which metabolic
derangement?
A. Hypocortisolism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Type 1 diabetes
D. Insulin resistance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia play a central role in the
pathophysiology of PCOS by stimulating excess androgen production from the ovaries. This
hormonal imbalance leads to clinical features such as hirsutism, acne, and ovulatory
dysfunction. Managing insulin levels through diet or medication is often a key component
of treatment for these patients.
5. Which of the following is a medical emergency involving the twisting of the spermatic
cord?
A. Testicular torsion
B. Hydrocele
C. Varicocele
D. Spermatocele
Correct Answer: A
Pathophysiology Q&A with Rationale |
Portage Learning
1. Which condition is characterized by the presence of functioning endometrial tissue located
outside of the uterine cavity?
A. Adenomyosis
B. Endometriosis
C. Pelvic inflammatory disease
D. Endometrial hyperplasia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Endometriosis occurs when endometrial glands and stroma develop outside the
uterus, commonly on the ovaries or pelvic peritoneum. This ectopic tissue responds to
hormonal fluctuations of the menstrual cycle, leading to chronic inflammation and scarring.
It is a major cause of pelvic pain and infertility in women of reproductive age.
2. In Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), the enlargement of the prostate typically
compresses which structure?
A. Ureters
B. Urethra
C. Ejaculatory duct
,D. Vas deferens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: BPH involves the proliferation of prostatic tissue which narrows the prostatic
urethra, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms. Patients often experience difficulty
starting urination, a weak stream, and incomplete bladder emptying. This condition is
distinct from prostate cancer as it primarily involves the transitional zone surrounding the
urethra.
3. A patient presents with a painless, firm, ulcerated lesion on the penis. This is most likely
the primary stage of which infection?
A. Syphilis
B. Chlamydia
C. Gonorrhea
D. Genital herpes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary stage of syphilis is characterized by a chancre, which is typically a
single, painless, and firm sore at the site of infection. This lesion occurs approximately 3
weeks after exposure to Treponema pallidum and will heal without treatment. However,
the lack of treatment allows the bacteria to progress to secondary and tertiary stages.
, 4. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is frequently associated with which metabolic
derangement?
A. Hypocortisolism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Type 1 diabetes
D. Insulin resistance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia play a central role in the
pathophysiology of PCOS by stimulating excess androgen production from the ovaries. This
hormonal imbalance leads to clinical features such as hirsutism, acne, and ovulatory
dysfunction. Managing insulin levels through diet or medication is often a key component
of treatment for these patients.
5. Which of the following is a medical emergency involving the twisting of the spermatic
cord?
A. Testicular torsion
B. Hydrocele
C. Varicocele
D. Spermatocele
Correct Answer: A
