NURS 231/NURS231 Module 7 V1 |
Pathophysiology Q&A with Rationale |
Portage Learning
1. Which cell type is primarily responsible for the secretion of the bone matrix called osteoid
during bone formation?
A. Osteoclasts
B. Osteoblasts
C. Osteocytes
D. Chondrocytes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osteoblasts are the primary bone-building cells that synthesize and secrete the
organic components of the bone matrix. Once these cells become trapped within the
mineralized matrix, they differentiate into mature osteocytes. This process is essential for
maintaining bone density and skeletal structural integrity.
2. During the process of bone remodeling, which hormone is released when serum calcium
levels are low to stimulate bone resorption?
A. Calcitonin
B. Insulin
C. Thyroxine
,D. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands in response
to hypocalcemia to increase blood calcium levels. It acts by stimulating osteoclast activity,
which breaks down bone tissue to release calcium into the bloodstream. Conversely,
calcitonin is released when calcium levels are high to inhibit bone resorption.
3. A patient presents with a fracture where the bone has broken into more than two
fragments. Which term should the nurse use to describe this?
A. Greenstick fracture
B. Oblique fracture
C. Comminuted fracture
D. Spiral fracture
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A comminuted fracture occurs when the bone is splintered or crushed into
multiple pieces. This type of fracture usually results from high-energy trauma such as a
motor vehicle accident. In contrast, a greenstick fracture is an incomplete break where one
side of the bone is broken and the other is bent.
4. What is the initial stage of the bone healing process following a fracture?
A. Callus formation
, B. Bony substitution
C. Hematoma formation
D. Remodeling
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hematoma formation is the first stage of fracture healing, occurring
immediately after the injury when blood vessels rupture. The resulting blood clot provides
a fibrin meshwork that serves as a framework for inflammatory cells and new capillary
growth. This stage is followed by fibrocartilaginous callus formation and eventually bony
remodeling.
5. Which clinical condition is characterized by a significant loss of bone mass and
deterioration of bone microarchitecture, leading to increased fragility?
A. Osteoporosis
B. Osteomalacia
C. Paget disease
D. Osteomyelitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease where bone resorption exceeds bone
formation, resulting in reduced bone density. It is often called a silent disease because bone
Pathophysiology Q&A with Rationale |
Portage Learning
1. Which cell type is primarily responsible for the secretion of the bone matrix called osteoid
during bone formation?
A. Osteoclasts
B. Osteoblasts
C. Osteocytes
D. Chondrocytes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osteoblasts are the primary bone-building cells that synthesize and secrete the
organic components of the bone matrix. Once these cells become trapped within the
mineralized matrix, they differentiate into mature osteocytes. This process is essential for
maintaining bone density and skeletal structural integrity.
2. During the process of bone remodeling, which hormone is released when serum calcium
levels are low to stimulate bone resorption?
A. Calcitonin
B. Insulin
C. Thyroxine
,D. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands in response
to hypocalcemia to increase blood calcium levels. It acts by stimulating osteoclast activity,
which breaks down bone tissue to release calcium into the bloodstream. Conversely,
calcitonin is released when calcium levels are high to inhibit bone resorption.
3. A patient presents with a fracture where the bone has broken into more than two
fragments. Which term should the nurse use to describe this?
A. Greenstick fracture
B. Oblique fracture
C. Comminuted fracture
D. Spiral fracture
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A comminuted fracture occurs when the bone is splintered or crushed into
multiple pieces. This type of fracture usually results from high-energy trauma such as a
motor vehicle accident. In contrast, a greenstick fracture is an incomplete break where one
side of the bone is broken and the other is bent.
4. What is the initial stage of the bone healing process following a fracture?
A. Callus formation
, B. Bony substitution
C. Hematoma formation
D. Remodeling
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hematoma formation is the first stage of fracture healing, occurring
immediately after the injury when blood vessels rupture. The resulting blood clot provides
a fibrin meshwork that serves as a framework for inflammatory cells and new capillary
growth. This stage is followed by fibrocartilaginous callus formation and eventually bony
remodeling.
5. Which clinical condition is characterized by a significant loss of bone mass and
deterioration of bone microarchitecture, leading to increased fragility?
A. Osteoporosis
B. Osteomalacia
C. Paget disease
D. Osteomyelitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease where bone resorption exceeds bone
formation, resulting in reduced bone density. It is often called a silent disease because bone
