GISP PRACTICE EXAMINATION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Map Algebra: What is a Boolean operator?.
Answer: True or False values are returned
◍ How would you convert 25° 15" 30' to decimal degrees?REVIEW.
Answer: 1. Take the 25 and keep it2. 15' is 15 minutes out of 60. So 15/60 =
.253. Divide 30/3600 (60 seconds in a minute, 60 minutes in a degree =
60x60=3600)4. 25 + .25 + .0083333 = 25.2583333The answer: 25.2583333
◍ What coordinate system is 3857?.
Answer: WGS84 Web Mercator
◍ Map Algebra: What is a relational operator?.
Answer: Operator that establishes a relationship between the two vales. ==
Equal<> Not Equal< Less Than> Greater Than< Less Than or Equal >
Greater Than or Equal
◍ What is a choropleth map?.
Answer: a thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in
proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on
the map, such as population density or per-capita income.
◍ What spheroid is preferred globally?.
Answer: WGS_1984
◍ What is a transit?.
Answer: Transits are simpler forms of a theodolite and the pros are that it is
lightweight.
◍ What is geometric accuracy?.
Answer: How close a mapped location is to its real world counterpart
,◍ How is a shapefile different from a feature class?.
Answer: Shapefiles cannot store topology, subtypes, domains, and are
limited in character length and field name length
◍ What is the median of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8?.
Answer: 4.5Because it's an even number of values in the dataset, 4 and 5 are
averaged and that is the median.
◍ CHAPTER 4 ESSENTIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY TERMS.
Answer: CHAPTER 4 ESSENTIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY TERMS
◍ What type of georeferencing uses 6 links? What type of transformation is
it?.
Answer: 2nd Order. It is a polynomial transformation.
◍ Classification Methods (link).
Answer: https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/help/mapping/layer-properties/data-
◍ What is meant by radiometric accuracy in raster data?.
Answer: Are various features able to be picked out from each other? Greater
bit depth = higher resolution
◍ Arithmetic Operator: // means what?.
Answer: Integer Division
◍ What are 3 ways to show elevation data?.
Answer: TIN (triangulated irregular network), Profile, Raster
◍ Give 5 Examples of Web Based Standards from the OGC.
Answer: Web Feature Service, Web Map Service, Web Coverage Service,
Web Map Tile Service, Web Processing Service
◍ What values are NDVI data collected in? What does each end of the
spectrum mean?.
Answer: 1 to -11 means growing vegetation, -1 means water or rocks
◍ When do you use quotes and when do you not use quotes on data for queries
in SQL?.
Answer: Text needs quotes, integers do not
,◍ 1:1000 is an example of a ________________ scale?.
Answer: Representational Fraction Scale
◍ Mappers.
Answer: create visual representations of real world locations and use
thematic mapping to show locations and attributes
◍ What is the difference between a single band and multiband raster?.
Answer: Single band rasters have only one value for each cell while
multiband rasters may have several values for each cellSingle Band
examples: scanned mapsMultiband examples: Satellite images, aerial photos
◍ Surveyors.
Answer: determine exact position of features and the angles and distances
between them. Surveyors may collect attributes as they collect locations
such as x,y,z values, time, and other attributes
◍ What is a web coverage service? What is it used for?.
Answer: For sharing raster data, can be used for analysis
◍ An NDVI value of 1 would mean?.
Answer: The vegeation is growing rapidly
◍ What does HSV stand for?.
Answer: hue - base colorsaturation - lightness or darkness of colorvalue -
intensity of color
◍ Radian Measures: 360 degrees = ?.
Answer: 2πrad
◍ What is MAUP?.
Answer: modifiable areal unit problem
◍ What would this select? StreetName like "Olive%"?.
Answer: Anything that starts with OLIVE
◍ A point in North America would have what values?.
Answer: Lat = Positive, Long= Negative
, ◍ Can you calculate area in lat/long?.
Answer: No
◍ How large of a pixel size do you need for a mapping project?.
Answer: The pixel size needs to be 1/2 the size of the object that you're
mapping. If mapping 8ft sidewalk, you will need 4ft pixel resolution.
◍ What is meant by first return and second return LiDAR data?.
Answer: First return is the very first return and will show treetops, leaves,
branches, etcSecond return will usually shoot through the treetops and give
a better indication of ground shape
◍ What color 0, 0, 0 be in RGB?.
Answer: Black
◍ Continuous rasters have _____________ points.
Answer: floating
◍ Name 3 methods to measure lat/long?.
Answer: DD decimal degrees (OGC standard)DDM decimal degree
minutesDMS degree minute seconds
◍ What does ISO stand for?.
Answer: International Standards Organization.
◍ What is a international foot? How is it different from a US Foot?.
Answer: US Survey foot is .304800609.... of a meterInt'l Foot is .3048 of a
meterCan cause problems over a large area
◍ BIL, BIP, & BSQ are methods for _____________?.
Answer: Storing raster image data
◍ What cartesian coordinate system is best for preserving direction?.
Answer: Transverse Mercator
◍ What would this query select? StreetName = "Olive" AND (SpeedLimit = 0
OR SpeedLimit = 55).
Answer: Any segment of Olive that has a speed limit of 0 or 55
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Map Algebra: What is a Boolean operator?.
Answer: True or False values are returned
◍ How would you convert 25° 15" 30' to decimal degrees?REVIEW.
Answer: 1. Take the 25 and keep it2. 15' is 15 minutes out of 60. So 15/60 =
.253. Divide 30/3600 (60 seconds in a minute, 60 minutes in a degree =
60x60=3600)4. 25 + .25 + .0083333 = 25.2583333The answer: 25.2583333
◍ What coordinate system is 3857?.
Answer: WGS84 Web Mercator
◍ Map Algebra: What is a relational operator?.
Answer: Operator that establishes a relationship between the two vales. ==
Equal<> Not Equal< Less Than> Greater Than< Less Than or Equal >
Greater Than or Equal
◍ What is a choropleth map?.
Answer: a thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in
proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on
the map, such as population density or per-capita income.
◍ What spheroid is preferred globally?.
Answer: WGS_1984
◍ What is a transit?.
Answer: Transits are simpler forms of a theodolite and the pros are that it is
lightweight.
◍ What is geometric accuracy?.
Answer: How close a mapped location is to its real world counterpart
,◍ How is a shapefile different from a feature class?.
Answer: Shapefiles cannot store topology, subtypes, domains, and are
limited in character length and field name length
◍ What is the median of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8?.
Answer: 4.5Because it's an even number of values in the dataset, 4 and 5 are
averaged and that is the median.
◍ CHAPTER 4 ESSENTIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY TERMS.
Answer: CHAPTER 4 ESSENTIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY TERMS
◍ What type of georeferencing uses 6 links? What type of transformation is
it?.
Answer: 2nd Order. It is a polynomial transformation.
◍ Classification Methods (link).
Answer: https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/help/mapping/layer-properties/data-
◍ What is meant by radiometric accuracy in raster data?.
Answer: Are various features able to be picked out from each other? Greater
bit depth = higher resolution
◍ Arithmetic Operator: // means what?.
Answer: Integer Division
◍ What are 3 ways to show elevation data?.
Answer: TIN (triangulated irregular network), Profile, Raster
◍ Give 5 Examples of Web Based Standards from the OGC.
Answer: Web Feature Service, Web Map Service, Web Coverage Service,
Web Map Tile Service, Web Processing Service
◍ What values are NDVI data collected in? What does each end of the
spectrum mean?.
Answer: 1 to -11 means growing vegetation, -1 means water or rocks
◍ When do you use quotes and when do you not use quotes on data for queries
in SQL?.
Answer: Text needs quotes, integers do not
,◍ 1:1000 is an example of a ________________ scale?.
Answer: Representational Fraction Scale
◍ Mappers.
Answer: create visual representations of real world locations and use
thematic mapping to show locations and attributes
◍ What is the difference between a single band and multiband raster?.
Answer: Single band rasters have only one value for each cell while
multiband rasters may have several values for each cellSingle Band
examples: scanned mapsMultiband examples: Satellite images, aerial photos
◍ Surveyors.
Answer: determine exact position of features and the angles and distances
between them. Surveyors may collect attributes as they collect locations
such as x,y,z values, time, and other attributes
◍ What is a web coverage service? What is it used for?.
Answer: For sharing raster data, can be used for analysis
◍ An NDVI value of 1 would mean?.
Answer: The vegeation is growing rapidly
◍ What does HSV stand for?.
Answer: hue - base colorsaturation - lightness or darkness of colorvalue -
intensity of color
◍ Radian Measures: 360 degrees = ?.
Answer: 2πrad
◍ What is MAUP?.
Answer: modifiable areal unit problem
◍ What would this select? StreetName like "Olive%"?.
Answer: Anything that starts with OLIVE
◍ A point in North America would have what values?.
Answer: Lat = Positive, Long= Negative
, ◍ Can you calculate area in lat/long?.
Answer: No
◍ How large of a pixel size do you need for a mapping project?.
Answer: The pixel size needs to be 1/2 the size of the object that you're
mapping. If mapping 8ft sidewalk, you will need 4ft pixel resolution.
◍ What is meant by first return and second return LiDAR data?.
Answer: First return is the very first return and will show treetops, leaves,
branches, etcSecond return will usually shoot through the treetops and give
a better indication of ground shape
◍ What color 0, 0, 0 be in RGB?.
Answer: Black
◍ Continuous rasters have _____________ points.
Answer: floating
◍ Name 3 methods to measure lat/long?.
Answer: DD decimal degrees (OGC standard)DDM decimal degree
minutesDMS degree minute seconds
◍ What does ISO stand for?.
Answer: International Standards Organization.
◍ What is a international foot? How is it different from a US Foot?.
Answer: US Survey foot is .304800609.... of a meterInt'l Foot is .3048 of a
meterCan cause problems over a large area
◍ BIL, BIP, & BSQ are methods for _____________?.
Answer: Storing raster image data
◍ What cartesian coordinate system is best for preserving direction?.
Answer: Transverse Mercator
◍ What would this query select? StreetName = "Olive" AND (SpeedLimit = 0
OR SpeedLimit = 55).
Answer: Any segment of Olive that has a speed limit of 0 or 55
