NUR2063/NUR 2063 Exam 2 V2 |
Essentials of Pathophysiology Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI)?
A. Severe dehydration resulting in hypovolemia
B. Acute tubular necrosis from nephrotoxic drugs
C. Kidney stones obstructing the ureters
D. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prerenal AKI occurs due to conditions that decrease blood flow to the kidneys
without directly damaging the renal tissue itself. Severe dehydration reduces the effective
circulating volume, leading to decreased renal perfusion and a drop in glomerular filtration
rate. If the underlying cause of hypoperfusion is not corrected promptly, it can progress to
intrarenal damage.
2. A patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) presents with a hemoglobin level of 8.0 g/dL.
What is the primary pathophysiological cause of this anemia?
A. Increased destruction of red blood cells in the spleen
B. Reduced production of erythropoietin
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency due to malabsorption
,D. Chronic blood loss from the urinary tract
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In CKD, the kidneys fail to produce adequate amounts of erythropoietin, which
is the hormone responsible for stimulating the bone marrow to produce red blood cells. As
renal function declines, the deficiency of this hormone leads to a normocytic,
normochromic anemia. This is a classic hallmark of end-stage renal disease and often
requires exogenous erythropoietin therapy.
3. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark of Nephrotic Syndrome?
A. Gross hematuria
B. Flank pain and fever
C. Proteinuria greater than 3.5 g/day
D. Severe hypotension
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria, typically defined
as losing more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in the urine. This loss of protein leads to
hypoalbuminemia, which reduces oncotic pressure and causes generalized edema. It differs
from nephritic syndrome, which is more commonly associated with hematuria and
hypertension.
, 4. A patient is diagnosed with Graves’ Disease. Which of the following sets of lab results
would the nurse expect to see?
A. High TSH and Low T4
B. Low TSH and Low T4
C. Low TSH and High T4
D. High TSH and High T4
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Graves’ disease is a form of hyperthyroidism where the immune system
produces antibodies that mimic TSH and stimulate the thyroid gland to overproduce T4.
Due to the negative feedback loop, the high levels of circulating thyroid hormones inhibit
the pituitary gland from releasing TSH. Therefore, lab results typically show suppressed
TSH levels alongside elevated free T4 levels.
5. Which condition is characterized by a deficiency in Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) production
or response?
A. Diabetes Insipidus
B. SIADH
C. Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
D. Cushing Syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Essentials of Pathophysiology Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI)?
A. Severe dehydration resulting in hypovolemia
B. Acute tubular necrosis from nephrotoxic drugs
C. Kidney stones obstructing the ureters
D. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prerenal AKI occurs due to conditions that decrease blood flow to the kidneys
without directly damaging the renal tissue itself. Severe dehydration reduces the effective
circulating volume, leading to decreased renal perfusion and a drop in glomerular filtration
rate. If the underlying cause of hypoperfusion is not corrected promptly, it can progress to
intrarenal damage.
2. A patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) presents with a hemoglobin level of 8.0 g/dL.
What is the primary pathophysiological cause of this anemia?
A. Increased destruction of red blood cells in the spleen
B. Reduced production of erythropoietin
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency due to malabsorption
,D. Chronic blood loss from the urinary tract
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In CKD, the kidneys fail to produce adequate amounts of erythropoietin, which
is the hormone responsible for stimulating the bone marrow to produce red blood cells. As
renal function declines, the deficiency of this hormone leads to a normocytic,
normochromic anemia. This is a classic hallmark of end-stage renal disease and often
requires exogenous erythropoietin therapy.
3. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark of Nephrotic Syndrome?
A. Gross hematuria
B. Flank pain and fever
C. Proteinuria greater than 3.5 g/day
D. Severe hypotension
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria, typically defined
as losing more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in the urine. This loss of protein leads to
hypoalbuminemia, which reduces oncotic pressure and causes generalized edema. It differs
from nephritic syndrome, which is more commonly associated with hematuria and
hypertension.
, 4. A patient is diagnosed with Graves’ Disease. Which of the following sets of lab results
would the nurse expect to see?
A. High TSH and Low T4
B. Low TSH and Low T4
C. Low TSH and High T4
D. High TSH and High T4
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Graves’ disease is a form of hyperthyroidism where the immune system
produces antibodies that mimic TSH and stimulate the thyroid gland to overproduce T4.
Due to the negative feedback loop, the high levels of circulating thyroid hormones inhibit
the pituitary gland from releasing TSH. Therefore, lab results typically show suppressed
TSH levels alongside elevated free T4 levels.
5. Which condition is characterized by a deficiency in Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) production
or response?
A. Diabetes Insipidus
B. SIADH
C. Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
D. Cushing Syndrome
Correct Answer: A
