NUR2063/NUR 2063 Exam 1 V3 |
Essentials of Pathophysiology Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. A patient is diagnosed with a condition where the cells in the uterine lining have increased
in number due to hormonal stimulation. Which cellular adaptation is this patient
experiencing?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Hyperplasia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperplasia is defined as an increase in the number of cells resulting from an
increased rate of cellular division. In this case, the hormonal stimulation leads to an
increase in the absolute count of uterine cells. This is a common physiological or
pathological response depending on the underlying cause.
2. Which type of cellular necrosis is most commonly associated with hypoxic injury in the
brain?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Caseous necrosis
,C. Liquefactive necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Liquefactive necrosis occurs frequently in the central nervous system because
the brain cells are rich in digestive enzymes and lipids. As the cells are destroyed, the
enzymes digest the tissue into a soft, liquid mass. This process is distinct from coagulative
necrosis, which is more common in the heart or kidneys.
3. An elderly patient has been bedridden for three months. A physical exam reveals a
significant decrease in the muscle mass of the lower extremities. This is an example of:
A. Metaplastic transition
B. Pathologic hypertrophy
C. Physiologic hyperplasia
D. Disuse atrophy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Disuse atrophy occurs when skeletal muscle cells shrink due to a lack of
physical activity and mechanical loading. The reduction in workload leads to a decrease in
oxygen consumption and protein synthesis within the muscle fibers. If the stimulus of
movement is not restored, the loss of muscle mass becomes clinically significant.
, 4. During the inflammatory process, which chemical mediator is primarily responsible for
increasing vascular permeability and causing vasodilation immediately after injury?
A. Leukotrienes
B. Histamine
C. Prostaglandins
D. Cytokines
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Histamine is one of the first mediators released by mast cells during the acute
inflammatory response. It acts rapidly to dilate arterioles and increase the permeability of
venules, allowing fluid and cells to exit the bloodstream. This physiological shift results in
the characteristic redness and swelling seen at the site of injury.
5. Which of the following clinical manifestations is considered a systemic sign of acute
inflammation?
A. Local edema
B. Purulent exudate
C. Redness at the site
D. Leukocytosis
Correct Answer: D
Essentials of Pathophysiology Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. A patient is diagnosed with a condition where the cells in the uterine lining have increased
in number due to hormonal stimulation. Which cellular adaptation is this patient
experiencing?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Hyperplasia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperplasia is defined as an increase in the number of cells resulting from an
increased rate of cellular division. In this case, the hormonal stimulation leads to an
increase in the absolute count of uterine cells. This is a common physiological or
pathological response depending on the underlying cause.
2. Which type of cellular necrosis is most commonly associated with hypoxic injury in the
brain?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Caseous necrosis
,C. Liquefactive necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Liquefactive necrosis occurs frequently in the central nervous system because
the brain cells are rich in digestive enzymes and lipids. As the cells are destroyed, the
enzymes digest the tissue into a soft, liquid mass. This process is distinct from coagulative
necrosis, which is more common in the heart or kidneys.
3. An elderly patient has been bedridden for three months. A physical exam reveals a
significant decrease in the muscle mass of the lower extremities. This is an example of:
A. Metaplastic transition
B. Pathologic hypertrophy
C. Physiologic hyperplasia
D. Disuse atrophy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Disuse atrophy occurs when skeletal muscle cells shrink due to a lack of
physical activity and mechanical loading. The reduction in workload leads to a decrease in
oxygen consumption and protein synthesis within the muscle fibers. If the stimulus of
movement is not restored, the loss of muscle mass becomes clinically significant.
, 4. During the inflammatory process, which chemical mediator is primarily responsible for
increasing vascular permeability and causing vasodilation immediately after injury?
A. Leukotrienes
B. Histamine
C. Prostaglandins
D. Cytokines
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Histamine is one of the first mediators released by mast cells during the acute
inflammatory response. It acts rapidly to dilate arterioles and increase the permeability of
venules, allowing fluid and cells to exit the bloodstream. This physiological shift results in
the characteristic redness and swelling seen at the site of injury.
5. Which of the following clinical manifestations is considered a systemic sign of acute
inflammation?
A. Local edema
B. Purulent exudate
C. Redness at the site
D. Leukocytosis
Correct Answer: D
