BIO 202L LAB 10: BLOOD AND THE HEART 100
QuEsTION PRAcTIcE ExAm wITH ANswERs &
RATIONALEs, GuARANTEED PAss ALREADY
GRADED A+
SECTION 1: BLOOD COMPOSITION & FUNCTION (Questions 1–15)
Question 1
Which plasma protein is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure and
preventing fluid from leaking into tissues?
A) Fibrinogen
B) Albumin
C) Globulin
D) Hemoglobin
Answer: B) Albumin
Rationale: Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and creates colloidal
osmotic pressure, which keeps water within blood vessels. Fibrinogen is for
clotting, globulins for immunity, and hemoglobin is inside RBCs, not free in
plasma.
Question 2
What is the normal pH range of human blood?
A) 6.35–6.45
B) 7.35–7.45
C) 7.75–7.85
D) 8.0–8.5
Answer: B) 7.35–7.45
,Rationale: Blood pH is tightly regulated between 7.35 and 7.45. Values below 7.35
indicate acidosis; above 7.45 indicates alkalosis. Both are life-threatening if
uncorrected.
Question 3
Which formed element is the most abundant in human blood?
A) Leukocytes
B) Platelets
C) Erythrocytes
D) Neutrophils
Answer: C) Erythrocytes
Rationale: Red blood cells (erythrocytes) make up approximately 40–45% of blood
volume (hematocrit). White blood cells and platelets constitute less than 1% of
total blood volume.
Question 4
Which leukocyte is the first to arrive at a site of bacterial infection?
A) Lymphocyte
B) Monocyte
C) Neutrophil
D) Eosinophil
Answer: C) Neutrophil
Rationale: Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cell and are the
primary responders to bacterial infections. They phagocytize bacteria and release
antimicrobial chemicals.
Question 5
A patient has a high eosinophil count on their differential. Which condition is most
,likely?
A) Viral infection
B) Parasitic infection or allergy
C) Bacterial meningitis
D) Aplastic anemia
Answer: B) Parasitic infection or allergy
Rationale: Eosinophils increase in response to parasitic infections (they attach to
parasites and release toxic granules) and allergic reactions (they modulate
inflammation).
Question 6
What is the lifespan of a circulating red blood cell?
A) 1–2 days
B) 30 days
C) 120 days
D) 1 year
Answer: C) 120 days
Rationale: RBCs live approximately 120 days (about 4 months). They are then
phagocytized by macrophages in the spleen and liver, with iron recycled and heme
converted to bilirubin.
Question 7
Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K
Answer: D) Vitamin K
, Rationale: Vitamin K is a cofactor for the hepatic synthesis of clotting factors II, VII,
IX, and X. Newborns receive a vitamin K injection at birth because they lack gut
bacteria to produce it.
Question 8
Which formed element is actually a fragment of a larger cell (megakaryocyte)?
A) Erythrocyte
B) Lymphocyte
C) Platelet
D) Monocyte
Answer: C) Platelet
Rationale: Platelets (thrombocytes) are not complete cells but fragments of
megakaryocyte cytoplasm. They lack a nucleus and are essential for hemostasis.
Question 9
A blood smear shows an increased number of immature neutrophils (bands). This
finding is called:
A) Leukopenia
B) Shift to the left
C) Shift to the right
D) Anisocytosis
Answer: B) Shift to the left
Rationale: A "left shift" indicates the bone marrow is releasing immature
neutrophils (bands) in response to severe infection, indicating an active immune
response.
Question 10
Which plasma protein is converted into fibrin during clot formation?
QuEsTION PRAcTIcE ExAm wITH ANswERs &
RATIONALEs, GuARANTEED PAss ALREADY
GRADED A+
SECTION 1: BLOOD COMPOSITION & FUNCTION (Questions 1–15)
Question 1
Which plasma protein is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure and
preventing fluid from leaking into tissues?
A) Fibrinogen
B) Albumin
C) Globulin
D) Hemoglobin
Answer: B) Albumin
Rationale: Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and creates colloidal
osmotic pressure, which keeps water within blood vessels. Fibrinogen is for
clotting, globulins for immunity, and hemoglobin is inside RBCs, not free in
plasma.
Question 2
What is the normal pH range of human blood?
A) 6.35–6.45
B) 7.35–7.45
C) 7.75–7.85
D) 8.0–8.5
Answer: B) 7.35–7.45
,Rationale: Blood pH is tightly regulated between 7.35 and 7.45. Values below 7.35
indicate acidosis; above 7.45 indicates alkalosis. Both are life-threatening if
uncorrected.
Question 3
Which formed element is the most abundant in human blood?
A) Leukocytes
B) Platelets
C) Erythrocytes
D) Neutrophils
Answer: C) Erythrocytes
Rationale: Red blood cells (erythrocytes) make up approximately 40–45% of blood
volume (hematocrit). White blood cells and platelets constitute less than 1% of
total blood volume.
Question 4
Which leukocyte is the first to arrive at a site of bacterial infection?
A) Lymphocyte
B) Monocyte
C) Neutrophil
D) Eosinophil
Answer: C) Neutrophil
Rationale: Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cell and are the
primary responders to bacterial infections. They phagocytize bacteria and release
antimicrobial chemicals.
Question 5
A patient has a high eosinophil count on their differential. Which condition is most
,likely?
A) Viral infection
B) Parasitic infection or allergy
C) Bacterial meningitis
D) Aplastic anemia
Answer: B) Parasitic infection or allergy
Rationale: Eosinophils increase in response to parasitic infections (they attach to
parasites and release toxic granules) and allergic reactions (they modulate
inflammation).
Question 6
What is the lifespan of a circulating red blood cell?
A) 1–2 days
B) 30 days
C) 120 days
D) 1 year
Answer: C) 120 days
Rationale: RBCs live approximately 120 days (about 4 months). They are then
phagocytized by macrophages in the spleen and liver, with iron recycled and heme
converted to bilirubin.
Question 7
Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K
Answer: D) Vitamin K
, Rationale: Vitamin K is a cofactor for the hepatic synthesis of clotting factors II, VII,
IX, and X. Newborns receive a vitamin K injection at birth because they lack gut
bacteria to produce it.
Question 8
Which formed element is actually a fragment of a larger cell (megakaryocyte)?
A) Erythrocyte
B) Lymphocyte
C) Platelet
D) Monocyte
Answer: C) Platelet
Rationale: Platelets (thrombocytes) are not complete cells but fragments of
megakaryocyte cytoplasm. They lack a nucleus and are essential for hemostasis.
Question 9
A blood smear shows an increased number of immature neutrophils (bands). This
finding is called:
A) Leukopenia
B) Shift to the left
C) Shift to the right
D) Anisocytosis
Answer: B) Shift to the left
Rationale: A "left shift" indicates the bone marrow is releasing immature
neutrophils (bands) in response to severe infection, indicating an active immune
response.
Question 10
Which plasma protein is converted into fibrin during clot formation?
