Clinical Chemistry & Molecular Diagnostics
Comprehensive Practice Exam COMPLETE EXAM
ALREADY GRADED A+ 200 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which specimen is most commonly used for routine clinical chemistry testing?
A. Whole blood
B. Serum
C. Urine
D. Cerebrospinal fluid
Answer: B
Rationale: Serum is the most commonly used specimen because it is free of clotting factors and
suitable for many chemistry assays.
2. Hemolysis can falsely increase which analyte?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Chloride
D. Bicarbonate
Answer: B
Rationale: Red blood cells contain high concentrations of potassium, which are released during
hemolysis.
3. The largest source of laboratory error occurs during the:
A. Analytical phase
B. Post-analytical phase
C. Pre-analytical phase
D. Reporting phase
,Answer: C
Rationale: Most laboratory errors occur during specimen collection, handling, transport, and
preparation.
4. The reference interval generally includes:
A. 50% of healthy individuals
B. 75% of healthy individuals
C. 95% of healthy individuals
D. 100% of healthy individuals
Answer: C
5. Which anticoagulant is commonly used for plasma chemistry testing?
A. Heparin
B. EDTA
C. Citrate
D. Oxalate
Answer: A
6. The primary function of albumin is:
A. Oxygen transport
B. Hormone synthesis
C. Maintenance of oncotic pressure
D. Immune defense
Answer: C
7. The most abundant plasma protein is:
A. Fibrinogen
B. Albumin
C. Globulin
D. Transferrin
,Answer: B
8. Which organ is primarily responsible for albumin synthesis?
A. Kidney
B. Spleen
C. Liver
D. Pancreas
Answer: C
9. A spectrophotometer measures:
A. Electrical current
B. Light absorbance
C. Radioactivity
D. pH
Answer: B
10. Beer-Lambert Law relates absorbance to:
A. Pressure
B. Temperature
C. Concentration
D. Volume
Answer: C
11. Which electrolyte is the major extracellular cation?
A. Potassium
B. Calcium
C. Sodium
D. Magnesium
Answer: C
, 12. Which electrolyte is the major intracellular cation?
A. Potassium
B. Sodium
C. Chloride
D. Bicarbonate
Answer: A
13. Hyponatremia refers to:
A. Low sodium concentration
B. High sodium concentration
C. Low potassium concentration
D. High potassium concentration
Answer: A
14. Hyperkalemia may cause:
A. Cardiac arrhythmias
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Anemia
D. Leukocytosis
Answer: A
15. The primary buffer system in blood is:
A. Phosphate
B. Bicarbonate
C. Protein
D. Sulfate
Answer: B
16. Normal arterial blood pH is approximately:
Comprehensive Practice Exam COMPLETE EXAM
ALREADY GRADED A+ 200 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which specimen is most commonly used for routine clinical chemistry testing?
A. Whole blood
B. Serum
C. Urine
D. Cerebrospinal fluid
Answer: B
Rationale: Serum is the most commonly used specimen because it is free of clotting factors and
suitable for many chemistry assays.
2. Hemolysis can falsely increase which analyte?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Chloride
D. Bicarbonate
Answer: B
Rationale: Red blood cells contain high concentrations of potassium, which are released during
hemolysis.
3. The largest source of laboratory error occurs during the:
A. Analytical phase
B. Post-analytical phase
C. Pre-analytical phase
D. Reporting phase
,Answer: C
Rationale: Most laboratory errors occur during specimen collection, handling, transport, and
preparation.
4. The reference interval generally includes:
A. 50% of healthy individuals
B. 75% of healthy individuals
C. 95% of healthy individuals
D. 100% of healthy individuals
Answer: C
5. Which anticoagulant is commonly used for plasma chemistry testing?
A. Heparin
B. EDTA
C. Citrate
D. Oxalate
Answer: A
6. The primary function of albumin is:
A. Oxygen transport
B. Hormone synthesis
C. Maintenance of oncotic pressure
D. Immune defense
Answer: C
7. The most abundant plasma protein is:
A. Fibrinogen
B. Albumin
C. Globulin
D. Transferrin
,Answer: B
8. Which organ is primarily responsible for albumin synthesis?
A. Kidney
B. Spleen
C. Liver
D. Pancreas
Answer: C
9. A spectrophotometer measures:
A. Electrical current
B. Light absorbance
C. Radioactivity
D. pH
Answer: B
10. Beer-Lambert Law relates absorbance to:
A. Pressure
B. Temperature
C. Concentration
D. Volume
Answer: C
11. Which electrolyte is the major extracellular cation?
A. Potassium
B. Calcium
C. Sodium
D. Magnesium
Answer: C
, 12. Which electrolyte is the major intracellular cation?
A. Potassium
B. Sodium
C. Chloride
D. Bicarbonate
Answer: A
13. Hyponatremia refers to:
A. Low sodium concentration
B. High sodium concentration
C. Low potassium concentration
D. High potassium concentration
Answer: A
14. Hyperkalemia may cause:
A. Cardiac arrhythmias
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Anemia
D. Leukocytosis
Answer: A
15. The primary buffer system in blood is:
A. Phosphate
B. Bicarbonate
C. Protein
D. Sulfate
Answer: B
16. Normal arterial blood pH is approximately:
