Rosenthal: Lehne's
Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced
Practice Nurses and Physician Assistants
Exam 2026 Questions and Answers
Graded A+
A patient who breastfeeds her infant asks the nurse about the immunity the infant
receives from breast milk. What does the nurse tell the patient about immunity
through breastfeeding?
a. "The immunity protects the infant from hypersensitivity reactions."
b. "The immunity provides phagocytes to help the infant fight infections."
c. "The immunity results from the transfer of IgA through the breast milk."
d. "The immunity protects the infant from respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI)
microbes." - Correct answer-ANS: C
IgA crosses breast milk and, in the GI tract, where it is not absorbed, provides
passive immunity to
©COPYRIGHT 2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,microbes. Infants do not receive protection from hypersensitivity reactions through
breast milk.
Phagocytes are not transmitted through breast milk. Infants are not protected from
respiratory
microbes via breast milk. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 574TOP:
Nursing Process:
Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity:
Physiologic Adaptation
A nurse is caring for a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency
virus(HIV). Which finding would most concern the nurse?
a. High level of macrophages
b. Low neutrophil count
c. Low red blood cell (RBC) count
d. Very low helper T lymphocyte count - Correct answer-ANS: D
The nurse understands that this patient may be vulnerable to opportunistic
infections, especially if
©COPYRIGHT 2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,there were an indication of the HIV conversion to acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS).
A very low helper T lymphocyte count would most concern the nurse, because the
helper T cells are essential to the immune system, and people with AIDS have a
low or deficient count. A high level of macrophages could indicate an
inflammatory response. A low RBC count may indicate anemia. A low neutrophil
count can be caused by multiple conditions, but a high count most likely indicates
an infection. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 572TOP: Nursing Process:
Evaluation MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity:
Physiologic Adaptation
A nurse is teaching a nursing student about a specific acquired immunity system.
Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching?
a. "Cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity are both types of specific
acquired
immune responses."
b. "Each exposure to an antigen causes a faster, more intense response."
c. "Immune responses occur only after exposure to a foreign substance."
d. "The skin is a factor in specific acquired immunity." - Correct answer-ANS: D
©COPYRIGHT 2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, The skin is a physical barrier that confers natural immunity. It is not a factor in
specific acquired immunity. Cell-mediated and humoral immunity are both types of
specific acquired immunity. In specific acquired immunity, each exposure to an
antigen evokes a more intense response more
quickly. Specific acquired immunity occurs only after initial exposure to an
antigen. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 571TOP: Nursing Process:
Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client
Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation
A patient has a Type IV hypersensitivity (delayed-type hypersensitivity) response
to an infection. The nurse understands which two types of cells are necessary for
this response?
a. Antigen-presenting cells and mast cells
b. Cytolytic T lymphocytes and target cells
c. Immunoglobulin cells and dendritic cells
d. Infected macrophages and CD4 helper T cells - Correct answer-ANS: D
The object of Type IV hypersensitivity (delayed-type hypersensitivity) is to rid the
body of bacteria that replicate within macrophages. The macrophage activates the
©COPYRIGHT 2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced
Practice Nurses and Physician Assistants
Exam 2026 Questions and Answers
Graded A+
A patient who breastfeeds her infant asks the nurse about the immunity the infant
receives from breast milk. What does the nurse tell the patient about immunity
through breastfeeding?
a. "The immunity protects the infant from hypersensitivity reactions."
b. "The immunity provides phagocytes to help the infant fight infections."
c. "The immunity results from the transfer of IgA through the breast milk."
d. "The immunity protects the infant from respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI)
microbes." - Correct answer-ANS: C
IgA crosses breast milk and, in the GI tract, where it is not absorbed, provides
passive immunity to
©COPYRIGHT 2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,microbes. Infants do not receive protection from hypersensitivity reactions through
breast milk.
Phagocytes are not transmitted through breast milk. Infants are not protected from
respiratory
microbes via breast milk. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 574TOP:
Nursing Process:
Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity:
Physiologic Adaptation
A nurse is caring for a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency
virus(HIV). Which finding would most concern the nurse?
a. High level of macrophages
b. Low neutrophil count
c. Low red blood cell (RBC) count
d. Very low helper T lymphocyte count - Correct answer-ANS: D
The nurse understands that this patient may be vulnerable to opportunistic
infections, especially if
©COPYRIGHT 2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,there were an indication of the HIV conversion to acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS).
A very low helper T lymphocyte count would most concern the nurse, because the
helper T cells are essential to the immune system, and people with AIDS have a
low or deficient count. A high level of macrophages could indicate an
inflammatory response. A low RBC count may indicate anemia. A low neutrophil
count can be caused by multiple conditions, but a high count most likely indicates
an infection. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 572TOP: Nursing Process:
Evaluation MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity:
Physiologic Adaptation
A nurse is teaching a nursing student about a specific acquired immunity system.
Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching?
a. "Cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity are both types of specific
acquired
immune responses."
b. "Each exposure to an antigen causes a faster, more intense response."
c. "Immune responses occur only after exposure to a foreign substance."
d. "The skin is a factor in specific acquired immunity." - Correct answer-ANS: D
©COPYRIGHT 2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, The skin is a physical barrier that confers natural immunity. It is not a factor in
specific acquired immunity. Cell-mediated and humoral immunity are both types of
specific acquired immunity. In specific acquired immunity, each exposure to an
antigen evokes a more intense response more
quickly. Specific acquired immunity occurs only after initial exposure to an
antigen. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 571TOP: Nursing Process:
Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client
Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation
A patient has a Type IV hypersensitivity (delayed-type hypersensitivity) response
to an infection. The nurse understands which two types of cells are necessary for
this response?
a. Antigen-presenting cells and mast cells
b. Cytolytic T lymphocytes and target cells
c. Immunoglobulin cells and dendritic cells
d. Infected macrophages and CD4 helper T cells - Correct answer-ANS: D
The object of Type IV hypersensitivity (delayed-type hypersensitivity) is to rid the
body of bacteria that replicate within macrophages. The macrophage activates the
©COPYRIGHT 2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
