EMS EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS FULLY SOLVED SOLUTION GUARANTEED

tidal volume - correct answers 500 ml - amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting condition inspiratory reserve volume - correct answers ml amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation expiratory reverse vollume - correct answers 1200ml -700 ml amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled reserve after a normal tidal volume inhalation residual volume - correct answers 1200ml -1100ml amount of air remaining in the lungs after forced exhalation inhilation - correct answers active phase of breathing, diaphragm contracts, pressure decreases, air moves in exhalation - correct answers passive phase, all respiratory muslces relax pressure becomes higher, forces air out air travels the path of least resistance oxygenation - correct answers loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin molecules in the blood stream required for internal repiration carbon monoxide has a greater affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen external respiration - correct answers occurs in alveoli capillaries surfactant reduces surface tension diffusion occurs internal respiration - correct answers occurs at cellular capillaries aerobic metabolism anaerobic metabolism extrinsic factors affecting respiration - correct answers truama, foreign body airway obstruction, atmospheric pressure at high altitudes, pneumonia or COPD intrinsic factors affecting respiration - correct answers infections, allergic reactions, unresponsive (tongue) adequate breathing - correct answers a normal rate of breaths 12-20/ min - adult , regular pattern of inhilation and exhalation, clear and equal lung sounds on both sides of the chest (bilateral), regular and equal chest rise and fall, adequate depth (tidal volume) inadequate breathing - correct answers respiratory rate (less than 12 and more than 20 BPM in the presence of dyspnea, irregular rhythm, dimininished, absent or noisy breath sounds, unequal or inadequate chest rise, increased effort of breathing, shallow depth, skin pale, cyanotic, cool or clammy supplemental oxygen - correct answers give to hypoxic patients (must still be breathing) cardiac and respiratory arrest should receive high - concentration CPAP (continous Positive Airway Pressure) - correct answers - misses exhalation - noninvasive ventilator support for respiratory distress -mechanism o Increases pressure in the lungs o Opens collapsed alveoli o Pushes more oxygen across the alveolar membrane o Forces interstitial fluid back into the pulmonary circulation o Therapy is delivered through a face mask held to the head with a strapping system o Use caution with patients with potentially low blood pressure - Indications o Patient is alert and able to follow commands o Patient displays obvious signs of moderate to severe respiratory distress o Patient is breathing rapidly o Pulse oximetry reading is less than 90% - Contraindications o Patient in respiratory arrest o Signs and symptoms of pneumothorax or chest trauma o Patient who has a tracheostomy o Active gastrointestinal bleeding or vomiting o Patient is unable to follow verbal commands - Application o During the expiratory phase, the patient exhales against a resistance called positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) o 8.0 to 10.0 cm H2O is acceptable - Complications o Some patients may find CPAP claustrophobic o Possibility of causing a pneumothorax o Can lower a patient's blood pressure o If the patient shows signs of deterioration, remove CPAP and begin positive-pressure ventilation using a bag-mask device Shallow breathing - correct answers Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of airway obstruction? A) foreign objects B) aspirated vomitus C) shallow breathing D) relaxation of the tongue Intrapulmonary shunting occurs when: - correct answers blood coming from the right side of the heart bypasses nonfunctional alveoli and returns to the left side of the heart in an unoxygenated state. Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that: - correct answers moves into or out of the lungs in a single breath. A. Patients breathing shallowly - correct answers Which of the following statements regarding breathing adequacy is correct? A) Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate. B) A patient with slow respiration and adequate depth will experience an increase in minute volume. C) Patients with a grossly irregular breathing pattern usually do not require assisted ventilation. D) The single most reliable sign of breathing adequacy in the adult is his or her respiratory rate. A. Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation - correct answers A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid and shallow breathing, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway? A) Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation. B) Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and provide suction and assisted ventilations. C) Suction his oropharynx with a rigid catheter until all secretions are removed. D) Provide continuous ventilations with a bag-mask device to minimize hypoxia. D. increasing the amount of delivered tidal volume - correct answers All of the following will help minimize the risk of gastric distention when ventilating an apneic patient with a bag-mask device, EXCEPT: A) ventilating the patient at the appropriate rate. B) applying pressure to the cricoid cartilage. C) ensuring the appropriate airway position. D) increasing the amount of delivered tidal volume. cricoid - correct answers The __________ cartilage is a firm ring that forms the inferior part of the larynx. A) pyriform B) cricoid C) thyroid D) laryngeal c. the tongue - correct answers What is the MOST common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient? A) blood clots B) vomitus C) the tongue D) aspirated fluid C. deep respirations - correct answers Which of the following would NOT cause a decrease in tidal volume? A) irregular breathing B) shallow breathing C) deep respirations D) agonal respirations C. it forces the alveoli open and pushes more oxygen across the alveolar membrane - correct answers How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems? A) It decreases intrathoracic pressure, which allows more room for the lungs to expan