NR283- Pathophysiology- Week 2 eDapt Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f57a87
1. What are the signs of acute in- Pain
flammation? Select all that apply. Heat
Redness
Granulomas Swelling
Swelling
Tissue destruction RATIONALE: The pneumonic PRISH is used to recall the
Pain five signs of acute inflammation: pain, redness, immobil-
Redness ity (if impacting a joint or pain is severe), swelling, and
Heat heat.
Tissue destruction and granuloma formation are charac-
teristics of chronic inflammation.
2. Which immune chemical media- Leukotrienes
tors contribute to the swelling Histamine
associated with acute inflamma- Prostaglandins
tion? Select all that apply. Kinins
Prostaglandins RATIONALE: During episodes of acute inflammation,
Histamine swelling results in plasma proteins and fluid entering
Kinins the interstitial space at the area of injury. Chemical me-
Chemotactic factors diators that alter capillary permeability, including hista-
Leukotrienes mine, kinins, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins facilitate
this process.
Chemotactic factors are released by the cells to attract
immune cells to the site of injury.
3. Which item causes chronic in- (SEE IMAGE)
flammation? (SEE IMAGE) Foreign material that remains in the body
RATIONALE: The three primary causes of chronic in-
flammation include unresolved acute inflammation,
pathogens that remain in tissues, and foreign material
, NR283- Pathophysiology- Week 2 eDapt Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f57a87
that remains in the body.
Although topical anesthetic medication, moderate daily
exercise, and vaccinations may initiate acute inflamma-
tion, they are not considered causes of chronic inflamma-
tion.
4. Acute vs. Chronic Inflammation (SEE IMAGE)
(SEE IMAGE)
Although acute and chronic in-
flammation have similar charac-
teristics, the treatment options
and potential outcomes differ
based on the underlying process-
es occurring in the body. Match
the appropriate type of inflam-
mation with the list of associ-
ated characteristics by dragging
the correct answers into the box-
es. You can also click the cor-
rect answer, then the box where
it should go.
5. Healing by _______ intention oc- Primary
curs when a wound is clean,
free of foreign material, and the RATIONALE: Healing by primary intention refers to the
edges are held close together. process involving a clean wound, no foreign or necrotic
tissue, and a minimal gap between the edges, which is
common in surgical incisions.
Healing by secondary intention is more involved in a large
, NR283- Pathophysiology- Week 2 eDapt Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f57a87
break in the tissue that has more inflammation, a longer
healing period, and formation of scar tissue, which is
commonly seen in compound fractures.
6. A client is seen in the emergency Elevate the injured site
clinic after jumping off a ski lift Rest the affected area
and injuring their ankle. Which Wrap the ankle
steps can the client take to reduce Apply an ice pack
inflammation and pain? Select all
that apply. RATIONALE: R-I-C-E is the correct option.
Rest the affected area, which will protect the area from
Wrap the ankle additional injury.
Rest the affected area Ice the ankle to reduce inflammation that is causing
Apply heat to the site swelling or pain. Applying heat will not reduce inflamma-
Apply an ice pack tion and swelling.
Elevate the injured site Compression by wrapping the ankle can reduce the
swelling.
Elevate the ankle to reduce swelling.
7. Which factor can delay tissue Advanced age
healing from inflammation and
injury? RATIONALE: Advanced age can delay tissue healing from
inflammation and injury due to reduced mitosis.
Adequate hemoglobin Adequate hemoglobin, effective circulation, and an
Effective circulation undisturbed wound promote tissue healing from inflam-
Undisturbed wound mation or injury.
Advanced age
8. Scar tissue is _____ and tends to Nonelastic
______ over time, which can result Shrink
in _________ Complications
RATIONALE: Scar tissue is nonelastic and tends to shrink
, NR283- Pathophysiology- Week 2 eDapt Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f57a87
over time, which can result in a client having complica-
tions such as contractures or loss of function.
9. A 72-year-old is recovering two Primary intention
days after having knee replace-
ment surgery. The incision is go- RATIONALE: Primary intention healing occurs when there
ing through which type of heal- is minimal tissue loss and the edges are close in proxim-
ing? ity.
Secondary intention healing occurs in wounds with mod-
Secondary intention erate to large tissue loss and has edges that are not
Scar formation approximated or wounds that are infected and left open
Primary intention until the infection is treated. Scar tissue and granuloma
Granuloma formation formation result from chronic inflammation, not healing.
10. A client who has been experienc- Chronic
ing stomach pains for the past
three months visits the health- RATIONALE: One outcome of acute inflammation with ul-
care provider to receive the re- ceration is chronic inflammation. This is particularly true
sults of their diagnostic test. The when the inflammatory process continues for weeks to
client is informed the test re- months. Chronic inflammation is characterized by tissue
vealed an ulcer with fibrosis, fi- destruction, mononuclear cell infiltration, and repair.
broblasts, and macrophages pre- In acute inflammation, the healing process of fibrosis and
sent. The client's treatment plan angiogenesis has not begun.
should address the ______ inflam-
mation pathologic process.
11. On post-op day one following ab- This is a normal inflammatory response.
dominal surgery, a client is expe-
riencing pain, heat, and redness RATIONALE: The signs of acute inflammation include pain,
at the incision. Based on these redness, immobility, swelling, and heat (PRISH) and are
findings, what conclusion can be normally seen at a fresh surgical site.
made about the incision? Enough information was provided to accurately assess
the incision and no evidence of infection is present based
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f57a87
1. What are the signs of acute in- Pain
flammation? Select all that apply. Heat
Redness
Granulomas Swelling
Swelling
Tissue destruction RATIONALE: The pneumonic PRISH is used to recall the
Pain five signs of acute inflammation: pain, redness, immobil-
Redness ity (if impacting a joint or pain is severe), swelling, and
Heat heat.
Tissue destruction and granuloma formation are charac-
teristics of chronic inflammation.
2. Which immune chemical media- Leukotrienes
tors contribute to the swelling Histamine
associated with acute inflamma- Prostaglandins
tion? Select all that apply. Kinins
Prostaglandins RATIONALE: During episodes of acute inflammation,
Histamine swelling results in plasma proteins and fluid entering
Kinins the interstitial space at the area of injury. Chemical me-
Chemotactic factors diators that alter capillary permeability, including hista-
Leukotrienes mine, kinins, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins facilitate
this process.
Chemotactic factors are released by the cells to attract
immune cells to the site of injury.
3. Which item causes chronic in- (SEE IMAGE)
flammation? (SEE IMAGE) Foreign material that remains in the body
RATIONALE: The three primary causes of chronic in-
flammation include unresolved acute inflammation,
pathogens that remain in tissues, and foreign material
, NR283- Pathophysiology- Week 2 eDapt Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f57a87
that remains in the body.
Although topical anesthetic medication, moderate daily
exercise, and vaccinations may initiate acute inflamma-
tion, they are not considered causes of chronic inflamma-
tion.
4. Acute vs. Chronic Inflammation (SEE IMAGE)
(SEE IMAGE)
Although acute and chronic in-
flammation have similar charac-
teristics, the treatment options
and potential outcomes differ
based on the underlying process-
es occurring in the body. Match
the appropriate type of inflam-
mation with the list of associ-
ated characteristics by dragging
the correct answers into the box-
es. You can also click the cor-
rect answer, then the box where
it should go.
5. Healing by _______ intention oc- Primary
curs when a wound is clean,
free of foreign material, and the RATIONALE: Healing by primary intention refers to the
edges are held close together. process involving a clean wound, no foreign or necrotic
tissue, and a minimal gap between the edges, which is
common in surgical incisions.
Healing by secondary intention is more involved in a large
, NR283- Pathophysiology- Week 2 eDapt Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f57a87
break in the tissue that has more inflammation, a longer
healing period, and formation of scar tissue, which is
commonly seen in compound fractures.
6. A client is seen in the emergency Elevate the injured site
clinic after jumping off a ski lift Rest the affected area
and injuring their ankle. Which Wrap the ankle
steps can the client take to reduce Apply an ice pack
inflammation and pain? Select all
that apply. RATIONALE: R-I-C-E is the correct option.
Rest the affected area, which will protect the area from
Wrap the ankle additional injury.
Rest the affected area Ice the ankle to reduce inflammation that is causing
Apply heat to the site swelling or pain. Applying heat will not reduce inflamma-
Apply an ice pack tion and swelling.
Elevate the injured site Compression by wrapping the ankle can reduce the
swelling.
Elevate the ankle to reduce swelling.
7. Which factor can delay tissue Advanced age
healing from inflammation and
injury? RATIONALE: Advanced age can delay tissue healing from
inflammation and injury due to reduced mitosis.
Adequate hemoglobin Adequate hemoglobin, effective circulation, and an
Effective circulation undisturbed wound promote tissue healing from inflam-
Undisturbed wound mation or injury.
Advanced age
8. Scar tissue is _____ and tends to Nonelastic
______ over time, which can result Shrink
in _________ Complications
RATIONALE: Scar tissue is nonelastic and tends to shrink
, NR283- Pathophysiology- Week 2 eDapt Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f57a87
over time, which can result in a client having complica-
tions such as contractures or loss of function.
9. A 72-year-old is recovering two Primary intention
days after having knee replace-
ment surgery. The incision is go- RATIONALE: Primary intention healing occurs when there
ing through which type of heal- is minimal tissue loss and the edges are close in proxim-
ing? ity.
Secondary intention healing occurs in wounds with mod-
Secondary intention erate to large tissue loss and has edges that are not
Scar formation approximated or wounds that are infected and left open
Primary intention until the infection is treated. Scar tissue and granuloma
Granuloma formation formation result from chronic inflammation, not healing.
10. A client who has been experienc- Chronic
ing stomach pains for the past
three months visits the health- RATIONALE: One outcome of acute inflammation with ul-
care provider to receive the re- ceration is chronic inflammation. This is particularly true
sults of their diagnostic test. The when the inflammatory process continues for weeks to
client is informed the test re- months. Chronic inflammation is characterized by tissue
vealed an ulcer with fibrosis, fi- destruction, mononuclear cell infiltration, and repair.
broblasts, and macrophages pre- In acute inflammation, the healing process of fibrosis and
sent. The client's treatment plan angiogenesis has not begun.
should address the ______ inflam-
mation pathologic process.
11. On post-op day one following ab- This is a normal inflammatory response.
dominal surgery, a client is expe-
riencing pain, heat, and redness RATIONALE: The signs of acute inflammation include pain,
at the incision. Based on these redness, immobility, swelling, and heat (PRISH) and are
findings, what conclusion can be normally seen at a fresh surgical site.
made about the incision? Enough information was provided to accurately assess
the incision and no evidence of infection is present based
