TCDHA HISTOLOGY STUDY GUIDE 2026
TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
●● Endocytosis.
Answer: Uptake of materials into the cell
●● Endocytosis: Pinocytosis.
Answer: "Cell drinking"
●● Endocytosis: Phagocytosis.
Answer: "Cell eating"
●● Cell Membrane "Plasma Membrane".
Answer: Surrounds the cell
Composed of phospholipid & protein
●● Semi-permable.
Answer: provides a selective barrier that regulates transport of
substances into and out of the cell.
●● Cytoplasm "Cytosol".
,Answer: Clear liquid enclosed in the cell
Includes: Vacuoles & Vesicle
●● Vacuole.
Answer: Big "vesicle"
Store water & waste
Storage sacs
Helps regulate the amount of liquid in the cell
●● Vesicles.
Answer: Small membrane sac
Storage & transport
Carrying protein & some material
Store various neurotransmitters
●● Nucleus.
Answer: Largest, densest organelle
Production of:
DNA: cell's genetic information
RNA: carries info from the DNA to sites of actual protein synthesis in
the cytoplasm
"Present in all cells except mature RBC and blood platelets"
,●● Nucleolus.
Answer: Contained in Nucleus
Nuclear body that assembles ribosomes
Produces rRNA & nucleotides
●● Chromatin.
Answer: -Contains chromosomes
-Looks like diffuse stippling when cell is viewed at lower-power
microscopically
-complex of DNA & protein
-function is packaging very long DNA
●● Nucleoplasm.
Answer: Fluid portion that contains important proteins
●● Nuclear envelope.
Answer: Doubled layered membrane
●● Nuclear pores.
Answer: small holes in the nuclear envelope
Allow transport of Rna & ribosomal proteins moving from nucleus to
cytoplasm
, ●● Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Answer: "Highway system"
Rough ER & Smooth ER
Contains ribosomes
●● Ribosomes.
Answer: "Protein Factories"
Composed of protein and RNA which synthesize protein
●● Golgi apparatus.
Answer: "Processing & packaging center"
Fxn: sorts, condense, packages & delivers proteins from RER
●● Mitochondria.
Answer: "Powerhouse of the cell"
Release energy from food molecules & transform energy into ATP (
adenosine triphosphate)
●● Lysosomes.
Answer: "Sewer system"
Destroys worn cell parts
TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
●● Endocytosis.
Answer: Uptake of materials into the cell
●● Endocytosis: Pinocytosis.
Answer: "Cell drinking"
●● Endocytosis: Phagocytosis.
Answer: "Cell eating"
●● Cell Membrane "Plasma Membrane".
Answer: Surrounds the cell
Composed of phospholipid & protein
●● Semi-permable.
Answer: provides a selective barrier that regulates transport of
substances into and out of the cell.
●● Cytoplasm "Cytosol".
,Answer: Clear liquid enclosed in the cell
Includes: Vacuoles & Vesicle
●● Vacuole.
Answer: Big "vesicle"
Store water & waste
Storage sacs
Helps regulate the amount of liquid in the cell
●● Vesicles.
Answer: Small membrane sac
Storage & transport
Carrying protein & some material
Store various neurotransmitters
●● Nucleus.
Answer: Largest, densest organelle
Production of:
DNA: cell's genetic information
RNA: carries info from the DNA to sites of actual protein synthesis in
the cytoplasm
"Present in all cells except mature RBC and blood platelets"
,●● Nucleolus.
Answer: Contained in Nucleus
Nuclear body that assembles ribosomes
Produces rRNA & nucleotides
●● Chromatin.
Answer: -Contains chromosomes
-Looks like diffuse stippling when cell is viewed at lower-power
microscopically
-complex of DNA & protein
-function is packaging very long DNA
●● Nucleoplasm.
Answer: Fluid portion that contains important proteins
●● Nuclear envelope.
Answer: Doubled layered membrane
●● Nuclear pores.
Answer: small holes in the nuclear envelope
Allow transport of Rna & ribosomal proteins moving from nucleus to
cytoplasm
, ●● Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Answer: "Highway system"
Rough ER & Smooth ER
Contains ribosomes
●● Ribosomes.
Answer: "Protein Factories"
Composed of protein and RNA which synthesize protein
●● Golgi apparatus.
Answer: "Processing & packaging center"
Fxn: sorts, condense, packages & delivers proteins from RER
●● Mitochondria.
Answer: "Powerhouse of the cell"
Release energy from food molecules & transform energy into ATP (
adenosine triphosphate)
●● Lysosomes.
Answer: "Sewer system"
Destroys worn cell parts
