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Barriers to Professionalism in Nursing - ANSWERS-1. Varying levels of preparatory
education: Lack of standardized requirement for BSN minimum and MSN
preferred.
2. Gender Issues: High Female %
3. Historical Influences: Religious and Military
4. External Conflicts:
5. Internal Conflicts: Fragmented power and influence in professional nursing
Goldmark Report (1923) - ANSWERS-recommended increased educational
standards based on the inadequacies of hospital based education for nurses.
Training now became based on an educational plan rather than service needs.
Landmarks of Nursing Education 1920-30 - ANSWERS-200 nursing programs with
training and education in hospitals with hands-on focus.
,Landmarks of Nursing Education
Mid 20th Century - ANSWERS-Dramatic decline in number of programs due to
transfer of nursing education to the institutes of higher education.
Denied college credit for hospital-diploma training due to increased complexity of
healthcare and growth of ADN and BSN programs.
Landmarks of Nursing Education
Associate Degree (ADN) - ANSWERS-Began in 1952 by Mildred Montag
Relatively short duration to prepare nurse "technicians" under the supervision of
professional nurses
Landmarks of Nursing Education
Bachelor of Science, Nurse (BSN) - ANSWERS-1 Program in 1909 to 7 in 1919:
- Slow growth in beginning.
Around 1948 saw increased growth in # of programs due to Brown Report and
need for nursing education in universities and colleges.
Landmarks of Nursing Education
Advanced Nursing Degrees - ANSWERS-Advanced/Specialty degrees were born
out of need in 60's and into 2000's.
- MSN: Focus on admin,
informatics, etc.
, - Advanced Practice Nurse
Specialties (APN)
- Doctorate (DNP)
- Research focused degrees:
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Doctor of Science (DSc)
Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) - ANSWERS-Autonomous
accrediting body, organized by AACN & the accrediting arm of AACN
Accredits BSN and higher levels of nursing education.
Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) - ANSWERS-Accredits
ALL nursing programs -
LVN, ADN, RN, BSN, MSN, DNP, PhDd
8 Characteristics of a Profession (Flexner) 1-4 - ANSWERS-1. The services provided
are vital to humanity and the welfare of society.
2. Special body of knowledge that is continually enlarged through research.
3. The services involve intellectual activities; individual responsibility
(accountability) is a strong feature.
4. Practitioners are educated in institutions of higher learning.