BIOLOGY 101 FINAL EXAM | COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
EXPERT SOLUTIONS| 2026 LATEST UPDATED| A+
"Good" science should be considered both relevant and ethical in its experimental treatments and
applications. - (answer)true
Critical thinking is not all that important as long as you have access to large amounts of high
quality factual information. - (answer)false
The Goldilocks Principle is used to establish a "habitable" zone in any particular solar system. -
(answer)true
The number of exoplanets described to date is approximately 4,000. - (answer)true
Gregor Mendel's experimental work on the laws of genetic inheritance was well understood by
Darwin and Wallace when they published their theory of evolution by natural selection. -
(answer)false. Darwin and Wallace focused on natural selection while Mendel focused on
recombination/gene flow.
- CHARLES DARWIN (British, 1809)
Father of Evolution. Wrote the transformational book "On the Origin of Species..." and proposed
that form and function in organisms arise from common ancestry due to natural selection for
,survival of the fittest individuals in a population. He proposed his ideas brilliantly before he
knew the mechanisms of inheritance demonstrated experimentally by Mendel.
-ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE (British, 1823) Independently discovered the nature of
evolution by natural selection through studies of botany in the Indo-Pacific. Pushed Darwin to
publish his work "On the Origin..." and became a champion for illustrating the process of
adaptation of organismal traits under natural selection.
-GREGOR MENDEL (Austrian, 1822) Father of Genetics. Monk who conducted meticulously,
well documented highly controlled repeatable experiments on pea plants demonstrating the laws
of genetic inheritance within a quantitative framework. Provided a mechanism that could explain
the process of evolution by natural selection proposed by Darwin.
Pre-biotic chemical evolution on earth required the formation of polymers such as RNA that
could encode digital information and copy themselves and catalyze reactions. - (answer)true
Evolution can be considered to be both a theory and a fact. - (answer)true
The fossil record shows that complex diverse animal life took more than 3 billion years to evolve
on earth. - (answer)true
The scientific method as a process of hypothesis-driven experimental investigation includes the
use of a belief system in order to explore the unknown. - (answer)false.
,-The process of the scientific method involves making hypotheses, deriving predictions from
them as logical consequences, and then carrying out experiments or empirical observations based
on those predictions. A hypothesis is based on knowledge obtained while seeking answers to the
question. The hypothesis might be very specific, or it might be broad. Scientists then test
hypotheses by conducting experiments or studies. A scientific hypothesis must be falsifiable,
implying that it is possible to identify a possible outcome of an experiment or observation that
conflicts with predictions deduced from the hypothesis; otherwise, the hypothesis cannot be
meaningfully tested.
-Flow Chart of a Belief System:
If you do not have any evidence (the unknown), then you need to believe something (faith) or
else try to gather the relevant empirical evidence experimentally (science). But this might be
impossible for the foreseeable future (rely on belief system to guide your actions until something
becomes "known")
Think VALUES
Think MORALITY
Think RELIGION
But this is not a replacement for science.
Motoo Kimura's highly influential neutral theory of evolution depends on the frequency of
random mutations in our DNA that do not change individual fitness. - (answer)true
, Exoplanets are planets that are considered habitable based on the existence of water. -
(answer)false.
Exoplanets are considered habitable based on more things than the existence of water: (list for
humans)
-requires essential elements like carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
-Earth-like in size
-similar distance away from an energy source
-Goldilocks principle: just the right temperature
Natural selection requires population variation to allow organisms to evolve through differential
inheritance of improved fitness. - (answer)true
The four fundamental evolutionary forces in nature are selection, mutation, recombination, and
drift. - (answer)true
DNA structure includes a double helix nucleic acid polymer that allows for a large amount of
digital sequence information to be encoded in the form of A-T and C-G nucleotide base pairing. -
(answer)true
EXPERT SOLUTIONS| 2026 LATEST UPDATED| A+
"Good" science should be considered both relevant and ethical in its experimental treatments and
applications. - (answer)true
Critical thinking is not all that important as long as you have access to large amounts of high
quality factual information. - (answer)false
The Goldilocks Principle is used to establish a "habitable" zone in any particular solar system. -
(answer)true
The number of exoplanets described to date is approximately 4,000. - (answer)true
Gregor Mendel's experimental work on the laws of genetic inheritance was well understood by
Darwin and Wallace when they published their theory of evolution by natural selection. -
(answer)false. Darwin and Wallace focused on natural selection while Mendel focused on
recombination/gene flow.
- CHARLES DARWIN (British, 1809)
Father of Evolution. Wrote the transformational book "On the Origin of Species..." and proposed
that form and function in organisms arise from common ancestry due to natural selection for
,survival of the fittest individuals in a population. He proposed his ideas brilliantly before he
knew the mechanisms of inheritance demonstrated experimentally by Mendel.
-ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE (British, 1823) Independently discovered the nature of
evolution by natural selection through studies of botany in the Indo-Pacific. Pushed Darwin to
publish his work "On the Origin..." and became a champion for illustrating the process of
adaptation of organismal traits under natural selection.
-GREGOR MENDEL (Austrian, 1822) Father of Genetics. Monk who conducted meticulously,
well documented highly controlled repeatable experiments on pea plants demonstrating the laws
of genetic inheritance within a quantitative framework. Provided a mechanism that could explain
the process of evolution by natural selection proposed by Darwin.
Pre-biotic chemical evolution on earth required the formation of polymers such as RNA that
could encode digital information and copy themselves and catalyze reactions. - (answer)true
Evolution can be considered to be both a theory and a fact. - (answer)true
The fossil record shows that complex diverse animal life took more than 3 billion years to evolve
on earth. - (answer)true
The scientific method as a process of hypothesis-driven experimental investigation includes the
use of a belief system in order to explore the unknown. - (answer)false.
,-The process of the scientific method involves making hypotheses, deriving predictions from
them as logical consequences, and then carrying out experiments or empirical observations based
on those predictions. A hypothesis is based on knowledge obtained while seeking answers to the
question. The hypothesis might be very specific, or it might be broad. Scientists then test
hypotheses by conducting experiments or studies. A scientific hypothesis must be falsifiable,
implying that it is possible to identify a possible outcome of an experiment or observation that
conflicts with predictions deduced from the hypothesis; otherwise, the hypothesis cannot be
meaningfully tested.
-Flow Chart of a Belief System:
If you do not have any evidence (the unknown), then you need to believe something (faith) or
else try to gather the relevant empirical evidence experimentally (science). But this might be
impossible for the foreseeable future (rely on belief system to guide your actions until something
becomes "known")
Think VALUES
Think MORALITY
Think RELIGION
But this is not a replacement for science.
Motoo Kimura's highly influential neutral theory of evolution depends on the frequency of
random mutations in our DNA that do not change individual fitness. - (answer)true
, Exoplanets are planets that are considered habitable based on the existence of water. -
(answer)false.
Exoplanets are considered habitable based on more things than the existence of water: (list for
humans)
-requires essential elements like carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
-Earth-like in size
-similar distance away from an energy source
-Goldilocks principle: just the right temperature
Natural selection requires population variation to allow organisms to evolve through differential
inheritance of improved fitness. - (answer)true
The four fundamental evolutionary forces in nature are selection, mutation, recombination, and
drift. - (answer)true
DNA structure includes a double helix nucleic acid polymer that allows for a large amount of
digital sequence information to be encoded in the form of A-T and C-G nucleotide base pairing. -
(answer)true
