Verified And Well Analyzed Exam Questions (Actual Exam 2026-2027)
Correct Detailed & Verified ANSWERS (100% Accurate Solutions)
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Human activités that lead to antibiotic resistance - ANSWERS--Doctors overuse
and/or misuse antibiotics
-Patients demand antibiotics to treat viral infections
-patients fail to take antibiotics exactly as prescribed
-Use of antibiotics in animal feed to enhance animal growth
-Use of antibacterial soaps
-Long term, low dose antibiotic treatment for acne.
-Globalization: Rapid movement of resistant bacteria to new areas through world
travel.
Antibiotic resistance is especially problematic for treatment of.... - ANSWERS--
Gonorrhea
-Tuberculosis
-"staph" Infections (skin or blood)
-Bacterial pneumonia
Active immunity - ANSWERS-Resistance to an infectious agent due to immune
system "memory" from previous exposure
Natural active immunity - ANSWERS-Exposure to the infectious agent occurs
though infection
,Artificial active immunity - ANSWERS-Exposure to the infectious agent occurs
though vaccination
Rational for vaccination as a community health measure - ANSWERS-Herd
immunity:
Epidemics can be prevented when 80% - 95% of a population is not susceptible to
a given infectious agent
Prevention of illness:
-Lost productivity
-Health care and other costs
Prevention of disabilities:
-health care and other costs
Historical impact of vaccines - ANSWERS--Before 1900, vaccines existed to
prevent smallpox, rabies, anthrax, and cholera
-During the 1900s and early 2000s numerous vaccines were developed
-Epidemics of several life-threatening or disabling bacterial and viral diseases have
been prevented
-Smallpox eradicated from world in 1978-80
-Polio and measles targeted for eradication
,5 types of vaccines - ANSWERS-1. attenuated whole agent vaccine
2. inactivated whole agent vaccines
3. toxoids
4. acellular or subunit vaccines
5. conjugated vaccines
Types of vaccines currently in use - ANSWERS-All vaccines currently available in
the US prevent either bacterial or viral diseases; no vaccines are available to
prevent any fungal, protozoan or parasitic worm diseases
Attenuated Whole Agent vaccines - ANSWERS-Vaccine contains living, weakened
microbes.
Positives:
-Closely mimics an actual infection
-Usually results in long-term immunity
Negatives:
-Slight chance that weakened microbes can mutate back to virulent form
-People with weakened immune systems may develop the disease
Attenuated Whole Agent vaccines examples - ANSWERS-MMR:
Measles, mumps, rubella vaccine
, VAR:
Varicella (Chickenpox) Vaccine
Zoster:
Zostavax shingles vaccine
LAIV:
Nasal live attenuated influenza vaccine Flu Mist
RV:
RotaTeq and Rotarix rotavirus oral vaccines
Inactivated whole agent vaccines - ANSWERS--Vaccine contains inactivated
"dead" microbes
-Incapable of infecting the host.
Positives:
-Safe: no chance of infection from the vaccine
Inactivated whole agent vaccine examples - ANSWERS-IPV:
Injected polio vaccine
IIV:
Inactivated influenza vaccine