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• 7 Major Challenges to Food Safety -✓✓1) Time constraints for
training and food prep, 2) language and culture differences, 3) literacy
and education levels, 4) microorganisms, 5) unapproved suppliers not
practicing food safety, 6) high -risk customers, 7) staff turnover
• 7 Costs of Foodborne Illness Outbreaks -✓✓1) loss of sales and
customers, 2) negative media exposure, 3) lawsuits, 4) increasing
insurance premiums, 5) loss of reputation, 6) staff retraining or
turnover, 7) Victims' loss of work, medical costs, long-term disabilities,
and even death
• 3 Types of Contaminants to Food -✓✓1) Biological (greatest threat),
2) Chemical, 3) Physical
• Biological contaminants -✓✓Pathogens, harmful microorganisms,
pose the greatest threat to food safety. Ex: viruses, parasites, fungi,
bacteria
• Chemical contaminants -✓✓Ex: cleaners, polishes, sanitizers, etc.
• Physical contaminants -✓✓Foreign objects that can get into food. Ex:
metal shavings, jewelry, fish bones
,• 5 Most Common Food-Handling Mistakes -✓✓1) Unsafe sources (ex.
unapproved suppliers), 2) Cooking food incorrectly, 3) incorrect
temperatures, 4) contaminated equipment, 5) poor personal hygiene
• Time-temperature abuse -✓✓Food is not held or stored at correct
temp, or not reheated or cooled correctly
• Cross-contamination -✓✓contaminated ingredients added to food
that receives no further cooking. Ex: raw chicken touching salad
ingredients
• TCS Food -✓✓Food that contains moisture and protein and has a
neutral or slightly acidic pH. Such food requires time-temperature
control to prevent the growth of microorganisms and the production of
toxins. Ex: raw meat, fish, vegetables, etc.
• Ready-to-eat food -✓✓food that can be eaten without further
preparation, washing, or cooking. Ex: cooked food, washed fruit and
vegetables (whole and cut), deli meat, bakery items, etc.)
• High-risk populations -✓✓Older people (weakened immune system),
preschool-age children or younger (don't have strong immune systems
yet), sick patients with compromised immune symptoms (those with
cancer, HIV, transplants, etc.)
,• 5 Measures to Keep Food Safe -✓✓1) Control time and temperature,
2) Preventing cross contamination, 3) Practicing personal hygiene, 4)
Purchasing from approved, reputable suppliers, 5) cleaning and
sanitizing
• 5 Types of Government Agencies that Prevent Foodborne Illnesses -
✓✓1) FDA (Food and Drug Administration), 2) USDA (US Department of
Agriculture), 3) CDC (Center for Disease Control), 4) PHS (Public Health
Service), 5) State and local regulatory authorities
• FDA -✓✓the Food and Drug Administration regulates all food except
meat, poultry, and eggs. Issues Food Code (recommendations for food
safety), and regulates food transported across state lines, provides
support and training to industry and agencies
• USDA -✓✓The US Department of Agriculture inspects meat, poultry,
and eggs. Also regulates food that crosses state lines.
• CDC and PHS -✓✓Center for Disease Control and Public Health
Service assist the FDA and USDA, and conduct research into the causes
of foodborne illness outbreaks
• State and local regulatory authorities -✓✓write or adopt code that
regulates food industries
, • 6 Responsibilities of Regulatory Authorities -✓✓1) inspecting
operations, 2) enforcing regulations, 3) investigating complaints and
illnesses, 4) Approving construction, 5) Reviewing and approving HACCP
plans
• 4 Types of Pathogens that Can Cause Foodborne Illnesses -✓✓1)
virus, 2) bacteria, 3) parasites, 4) fungi
• The Big Six (Foodborne-causing Pathogens) -✓✓1) Shigella spp. -
bacteria, 2) Salmonella Typhi - bacteria, 3) Nontyphoidal salmonella -
bacteria, 4) Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (E. Coli) - bacteria, 5)
Hepatitis A - virus, 6) Norovirus - virus
• 6 Common Symptoms of Foodborne Illnesses -✓✓1) Diarrhea, 2)
Vomiting, 3) Fever, 4) Nausea, 5) Abdominal cramps, 6) Jaundice
(yellowing of skin and eyes). These symptoms have onset times that
range from 30 min to 6 weeks, and range in severity from mild illness to
death.
• Bacteria -✓✓Microorganisms found almost everywhere. Some can
cause illnesses. Bacteria cannot be seen, smelled, or tasted. They can
grow quickly under FAT TOM conditions.
• FAT TOM -✓✓The conditions that promote rapid growth of bacteria: