lOMoARcPSD| 63525276
D236 Final OA
1. What is accomplished by diffusion?
a. Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
2. osmotic diarrhea
a. Caused by non-absorbable substances in the intestine drawing water into the
bowel.
3. BNP
a. B-type natriuretic peptide, a marker used to diagnose heart failure.
4. Pleural effusion
a. Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space around the lungs.
5. ph 7.29 bicarb=25 PaCO2 =55, which cause is consistent with these lab values?
a. Respiratory acidosis.
i. lungs are not ventilating correctly, retention of carbon dioxide = reduction
of pH – caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
infection, foreign body obstruction, and severe asthma.
6. How does the respiratory system compensate for acid-base disturbances?
a. by changing the rate and depth of breathing. Increased breathing rate expels CO2
to reduce acidity (compensates for metabolic acidosis), while decreased
breathing rate retains CO2 to increase acidity (compensates for metabolic
alkalosis).
7. One symptom of acidosis?
a. Rapid breathing.
8. what describes a gene when the same allele is inherited from both parents?
a. homozygous
9. What statement describes the ICF compartment
a. The Intracellular Fluid (ICF) compartment is the fluid contained within the cells,
making up about two-thirds of the body's total water content.
10. Which two conditions will cause dehydration and increase water requirements?
a. Severe diarrhea and excessive sweating.
11. What are phagocytic cells?
a. Cells that engulf and digest pathogens and debris; examples include
macrophages and neutrophils.
12. Turner’s syndrome
a. complete or partial missing X-chromosome in females.
b. Hypothyroidism, hypertension, webbing of the neck, amenorrhea, short stature,
infertility, vision issues, aortic value abnormalities.
13. What are two symptoms of Huntington’s disease?
a. genetic defect of huntingtin gene (4p16.3)
, lOMoARcPSD| 63525276
b. lack of control of movements, cognitive decline, depressions, dementia later in
disease. Muscle spasticity, speech/swallowing difficulty.
14. Which three issues would children with ND-PAE exhibit (fetal alcohol syndrome?
a. cognitive deficits, behavioral problems, and physical abnormalities.
b. causes birth defects and developmental disabilities. 3 major areas of
impairments: neurocognition, self-regulation, and adaptive functioning.
c. Facial features, slow growth, delayed development, vision/hearing issues,
smaller head&brain.
15. Grade 1 sprain
a. Mild stretching or slight tear of a ligament with little or no joint instability.
16. Morning stiffness, swelling, limited ROM, and symmetrical joint pain in the hips
after physical exertion or during cold weather.
Herberden’s and Bouchards nodes noted on fingers
a. osteoarthritis
17. A patient has burns covering the front of the torso. BSA?
a. The front of the torso is approximately 18% of the Body Surface Area (BSA)
according to the Rule of Nines.
18. Second degree burns – now called Partial-Thickness Burns
a. swelling, pain and blisters. Blanches with pressure.
19. Small Dome-Shaped Bump Covered by Superficial Blood Vessels
a. Hemangioma or Basil cell carcinoma
20. Body automatically reacting to tissue injured by trauma or bacteria
a. inflammation
21. Transcription
a. The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
22. Innate immunity
a. The body's first line of defense against pathogens, involving physical, chemical,
and cellular defenses.
23. what is one cause of hypomagnesemia?
a. prolonged diarrhea, laxative abuse, increased renal excretion of magnesium,
sepsis, burns, and serious wounds requiring debridement
24. What are clinical manifestations of hypernatremia?
a. Weight gain, hypertension or dehydrated, irritability, tachycardia, flushed skin,
dry mucous membranes, and oliguria.
25. Suspected musculoskeletal trauma?
a. Assess for pain, swelling, bruising, and deformity; perform appropriate imaging
studies.
26. Which 2 bacteria are common causes of OM (Otitis media) in children?
a. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis
D236 Final OA
1. What is accomplished by diffusion?
a. Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
2. osmotic diarrhea
a. Caused by non-absorbable substances in the intestine drawing water into the
bowel.
3. BNP
a. B-type natriuretic peptide, a marker used to diagnose heart failure.
4. Pleural effusion
a. Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space around the lungs.
5. ph 7.29 bicarb=25 PaCO2 =55, which cause is consistent with these lab values?
a. Respiratory acidosis.
i. lungs are not ventilating correctly, retention of carbon dioxide = reduction
of pH – caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
infection, foreign body obstruction, and severe asthma.
6. How does the respiratory system compensate for acid-base disturbances?
a. by changing the rate and depth of breathing. Increased breathing rate expels CO2
to reduce acidity (compensates for metabolic acidosis), while decreased
breathing rate retains CO2 to increase acidity (compensates for metabolic
alkalosis).
7. One symptom of acidosis?
a. Rapid breathing.
8. what describes a gene when the same allele is inherited from both parents?
a. homozygous
9. What statement describes the ICF compartment
a. The Intracellular Fluid (ICF) compartment is the fluid contained within the cells,
making up about two-thirds of the body's total water content.
10. Which two conditions will cause dehydration and increase water requirements?
a. Severe diarrhea and excessive sweating.
11. What are phagocytic cells?
a. Cells that engulf and digest pathogens and debris; examples include
macrophages and neutrophils.
12. Turner’s syndrome
a. complete or partial missing X-chromosome in females.
b. Hypothyroidism, hypertension, webbing of the neck, amenorrhea, short stature,
infertility, vision issues, aortic value abnormalities.
13. What are two symptoms of Huntington’s disease?
a. genetic defect of huntingtin gene (4p16.3)
, lOMoARcPSD| 63525276
b. lack of control of movements, cognitive decline, depressions, dementia later in
disease. Muscle spasticity, speech/swallowing difficulty.
14. Which three issues would children with ND-PAE exhibit (fetal alcohol syndrome?
a. cognitive deficits, behavioral problems, and physical abnormalities.
b. causes birth defects and developmental disabilities. 3 major areas of
impairments: neurocognition, self-regulation, and adaptive functioning.
c. Facial features, slow growth, delayed development, vision/hearing issues,
smaller head&brain.
15. Grade 1 sprain
a. Mild stretching or slight tear of a ligament with little or no joint instability.
16. Morning stiffness, swelling, limited ROM, and symmetrical joint pain in the hips
after physical exertion or during cold weather.
Herberden’s and Bouchards nodes noted on fingers
a. osteoarthritis
17. A patient has burns covering the front of the torso. BSA?
a. The front of the torso is approximately 18% of the Body Surface Area (BSA)
according to the Rule of Nines.
18. Second degree burns – now called Partial-Thickness Burns
a. swelling, pain and blisters. Blanches with pressure.
19. Small Dome-Shaped Bump Covered by Superficial Blood Vessels
a. Hemangioma or Basil cell carcinoma
20. Body automatically reacting to tissue injured by trauma or bacteria
a. inflammation
21. Transcription
a. The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
22. Innate immunity
a. The body's first line of defense against pathogens, involving physical, chemical,
and cellular defenses.
23. what is one cause of hypomagnesemia?
a. prolonged diarrhea, laxative abuse, increased renal excretion of magnesium,
sepsis, burns, and serious wounds requiring debridement
24. What are clinical manifestations of hypernatremia?
a. Weight gain, hypertension or dehydrated, irritability, tachycardia, flushed skin,
dry mucous membranes, and oliguria.
25. Suspected musculoskeletal trauma?
a. Assess for pain, swelling, bruising, and deformity; perform appropriate imaging
studies.
26. Which 2 bacteria are common causes of OM (Otitis media) in children?
a. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis
