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Baseline Logic
a term sometimes used to refer to the experimental reasoning
inherent in single subject experimental designs; entails three
elements:
prediction, verification, and replication.
History
events that occur while a study is being conducted and that are
not a part of the experimental manipulation or treatment
Maturation
changes in behavior due to the passage of time
,Testing
a threat in any study that requires participants to respond to the
same test repeatedly, especially during a baseline or probe
condition; it is the likelihood that the repeated assessment task
will result in participant
behavior change
Instrumentation
a threat to internal validity when there are inconsistencies
in data collection
Procedural Infidelity
the lack of adherence to condition protocols by study
implementers
attrition
the loss of participants during a study
Attrition bias
the likelihood that participant loss (attrition) impacts the outcome
of the study
,multiple treatment interference
can occur when a study participant's behavior is influenced by
more than one planned "treatments" or interventions during the
course of a study
instability
refers to the amount of variability in the data
Cyclical Variability
A specific type of data instability that refers to a repeated and
predictable pattern in the data series over time.
regression to the mean
refers to the likelihood that following an outlying data point,
data are likely to revert back to levels closer to the average
value
Adaptation
refers to a period of time at the start of an investigation in which
participants' recorded behavior may differ from their natural
behavior due to the novel conditions under which data are
collected
, Hawthorne effect
A change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the
awareness of being studied
instructional review board
a committee responsible for reviewing proposed research studies
respect for persons
an ethical principle from the Belmont Report stating that research
participants should be treated as autonomous agents and that
certain groups deserve special protections
Beneficence
do no harm