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What Works Clearinghouse (WWC)
The US department of education's institute of education sciences
established this, which informs stakeholders by providing a source
of
information regarding scientific evidence of effectiveness for
education practices that could be used to encourage making
informed and data based decisions and in turn improve child
outcomes.
experimental studies
include descriptions of the target behavior/s b) predictions
regarding what impact the independent variable will have on
the dependent
variable, and c) appropriate tests to see if the prediction is correct.
,what differentness an experimental design study from a
quasi-experimental design study
the extent to which the design controls for threats to internal
validity-variables other than the planned independent variable
that could result in changes in the dependent variable
threats to internal validity
History
Maturation
Testing
Instrumentation
Diffusion of treatment
Regression towards the mean
Selection bias
Attrition
variables other than the planned independent variable that
could result in changes in the dependent variable.
,experimental group design studies
participants are randomly assigned to a study condition
(experimental group or control group; intervention A or
intervention B)
if the prediction proves true, it is said there is a functional
relationship between independent and dependent variables
quasi experimental group design studies
do not use random assignment of participants but other strategies
to control for differences in study group composition
SCD
this can be experimental, but randomization of participants is
neither feasible. randomization only functions to control for
differences between groups when the numbers of participants
is very large (N = 50 or greater)
, correlational design studies
like experimental and quasi-experimental design studies, predict
and describe the relation between independent and dependent
variables; in these studies, there is no manipulation of the
independent variable by the investigator. such studies represent
a quantitative descriptive
research approach in which the relation between variables is
established by using a correlation coefficient
practices supported by correlational evidence are deemed less
trustworthy than those supported by experimental and quasi
studies.
nomothetic
research approaches are generally based in the natural sciences
and are characterized by attempting to explain associations that
can be
generalized to a group given certain characteristics
idiographic
approaches to research, common in the humanities, attempt to
specify associations that vary based on certain characteristics or
contingencies present for the participant or case of interest