LS23L Week 5 - DNA Isolation and
Amplification Exam | Questions with 100%
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2026/2027
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Terms in this set (18)
Mitochondrial DNA Small circular DNA molecules that are
remnants of endocytosed bacteria. They
have lost many of the genes that they
once had, but they still encode proteins,
tRNAs, and rRNAs used in the
mitochondria today.
It is inherited strictly from the mother
because the mitochondria in sperm are
destroyed after fertilization. Therefore, it
can be a good way of tracing maternal
lineage.
Haplotype The nucleotide sequence of your
mitochondrial genome
, Haplogroup Consists of all individuals with the same
haplotype as you, along with other
haplotypes that are very similar.
Control Region A non-coding region of mitochondrial
DNA, allowing it to accumulate more
mutations without affecting the function.
It includes 2 hypervariable segments
(HVSI and HVSII). We will be examining
HVSI.
DNA Isolation Procedure DNA is easily isolated from cells by
disrupting the cell wall (done with heat).
However, this subjects DNA to
degredation by DNases (enzymes that
break down DNA). DNases require
Magnesium as a cofactor, so we will be
adding chelex to bind to the magnesium
and prevent the DNases from breaking
down the DNA.
At this point, both mitochondrial and
nuclear DNA will be in the solution, but
there are many hundreds of copies of the
mitochondrial DNA, and there is only one
copy of the nuclear DNA.
Amplification Exam | Questions with 100%
Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update
2026/2027
Save
Terms in this set (18)
Mitochondrial DNA Small circular DNA molecules that are
remnants of endocytosed bacteria. They
have lost many of the genes that they
once had, but they still encode proteins,
tRNAs, and rRNAs used in the
mitochondria today.
It is inherited strictly from the mother
because the mitochondria in sperm are
destroyed after fertilization. Therefore, it
can be a good way of tracing maternal
lineage.
Haplotype The nucleotide sequence of your
mitochondrial genome
, Haplogroup Consists of all individuals with the same
haplotype as you, along with other
haplotypes that are very similar.
Control Region A non-coding region of mitochondrial
DNA, allowing it to accumulate more
mutations without affecting the function.
It includes 2 hypervariable segments
(HVSI and HVSII). We will be examining
HVSI.
DNA Isolation Procedure DNA is easily isolated from cells by
disrupting the cell wall (done with heat).
However, this subjects DNA to
degredation by DNases (enzymes that
break down DNA). DNases require
Magnesium as a cofactor, so we will be
adding chelex to bind to the magnesium
and prevent the DNases from breaking
down the DNA.
At this point, both mitochondrial and
nuclear DNA will be in the solution, but
there are many hundreds of copies of the
mitochondrial DNA, and there is only one
copy of the nuclear DNA.
