NSG 550 EXAM 1 WILKES UNIVERSITY · 100+ (2026) PRACTICE PACK | VERIFI… EXAM
P R O F E S S I O N A L P R A C T I C E M AT E R I A L S
NSG 550 Exam 1 Wilkes
University
100+ (2026) Practice Pack | Verified Q&A with Rationales
Verified Answers Exam Ready With Rationales 100 Questions
DOCUMENT OVERVIEW
This document, "NSG 550 Exam 1 Wilkes University," covers specific topics related to nephrology and urology,
including urinalysis interpretation, diagnostic imaging for renal conditions like calculi and stenosis, and
evaluation of urinary symptoms. It provides 100 exam questions, each with the correct answer and a detailed
explanation, offering students a thorough resource to review and understand key concepts. This format allows for
effective study and a deep dive into the rationale behind correct answers.
E XA M Q U EST I O N S
Q1 QUESTION 1 OF 100
A nephrology nurse is reviewing the results of a screening urinalysis performed on a patient with a family
history of renal disease. The urinalysis shows no protein, no leukocytes, and no nitrites. The nurse
understands that these negative findings, in the context of screening, are most important for:
A) Identifying patients with a high likelihood of disease.
B) Minimizing the number of false negatives in the tested population.
Page 1
,C) Reducing the rate of false positives among asymptomatic individuals.
D) Confirming the absence of any renal pathology.
CORRECT ANSWER
C) Reducing the rate of false positives among asymptomatic individuals.
RATIONALE
High specificity ensures that individuals without the disease are correctly identified as such, minimizing false
positives and avoiding unnecessary anxiety or further invasive testing in those who are truly healthy. This
screening focus aims to efficiently identify those who need further investigation.
Q2 QUESTION 2 OF 100
A 65-year-old male with a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-4 is admitted for evaluation of
acute kidney injury (AKI). His baseline serum creatinine was 1.8 mg/dL, and his current creatinine is 3.2
mg/dL. The nephrology team is considering using IV contrast for an upcoming CT scan to further assess
the renal vasculature. Which statement accurately reflects the diagnostic utility of the urinalysis and serum
creatinine in this context?
A) A high sensitivity urinalysis is preferred to ensure that all patients with significant renal disease are
identified.
B) The current elevated serum creatinine reading is highly sensitive for detecting subtle changes in renal
function.
C) A test with low false negatives, indicating high sensitivity, is crucial for ruling out underlying renal
disease.
D) The urinalysis must demonstrate a low false positive rate to accurately identify patients without
disease.
CORRECT ANSWER
C) A test with low false negatives, indicating high sensitivity, is crucial for ruling out underlying renal
disease.
RATIONALE
High sensitivity is crucial for diagnostic tests like urinalysis or a series of creatinine measurements to minimize
false negatives, ensuring that patients with actual renal disease are identified and do not miss necessary
interventions. This focuses on detecting the presence of disease.
Page 2
, Q3 QUESTION 3 OF 100
A hospital implements a new rapid urinalysis dipstick to screen for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the
emergency department. In the first week, 100 patients with suspected UTIs are tested. Of these, 80 have a
confirmed UTI via urine culture, and 20 do not. The dipstick correctly identifies 70 of the 80 patients with a
UTI, but it incorrectly flags 10 of the 20 uninfected patients as positive. What is the sensitivity of this new
urinalysis dipstick?
A) 70%
B) 87.5%
C) 90%
D) 100%
CORRECT ANSWER
B) 87.5%
RATIONALE
Sensitivity measures the proportion of true positives correctly identified, calculated as True Positives (TP)
divided by the sum of True Positives and False Negatives (TP+FN). In this case, 70 TP / (70 TP + 10 FN) = 87.5%.
Q4 QUESTION 4 OF 100
A nephrology nurse is evaluating the diagnostic performance of a new point-of-care urinalysis dipstick for
detecting early renal disease. A reference laboratory confirmed positive results (true positive, TP) for 85
patients and negative results (true negative, TN) for 115 patients. The dipstick incorrectly identified 10
patients as positive when they were negative (false positive, FP), and 5 patients as negative when they
were positive (false negative, FN). What is the specificity of this dipstick test?
A) 93.3%
B) 85%
C) 92%
D) 88.9%
CORRECT ANSWER
A) 93.3%
Page 3
, RATIONALE
Specificity is calculated as true negatives divided by the sum of true negatives and false positives (TN / (TN + FP)),
which in this case is 115 / (115 + 10) = 93.3%, indicating the test's accuracy in correctly identifying those without
the condition.
Q5 QUESTION 5 OF 100
A radiologist is reviewing orders for a diagnostic imaging study to evaluate for suspected renal calculi in a
68-year-old male patient with a history of chronic kidney disease (eGFR 40 mL/min/1.73m²). The physician
has ordered a CT scan with intravenous contrast. The on-call resident is consulting the American College
of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria for guidance. Which of the following statements best reflects
the ACR's recommendations regarding contrast use in this scenario?
A) Intravenous contrast is generally recommended for CT scans to enhance visualization of renal calculi.
B) Non-contrast computed tomography is the preferred method for initial evaluation of renal calculi,
especially in patients with impaired renal function.
C) The ACR guidelines prioritize radiation exposure reduction over diagnostic accuracy when ordering
imaging for renal calculi.
D) Intravenous contrast is mandatory for any CT scan to ensure adequate comparison with baseline
imaging studies.
CORRECT ANSWER
B) Non-contrast computed tomography is the preferred method for initial evaluation of renal calculi,
especially in patients with impaired renal function.
RATIONALE
The ACR Appropriateness Criteria recommend non-contrast CT as the initial imaging modality for suspected
renal calculi, particularly in patients with compromised renal function, to avoid contrast-induced nephropathy.
This approach prioritizes diagnostic yield while mitigating risks associated with contrast agents.
Q6 QUESTION 6 OF 100
A primary care nurse practitioner reviews a urinalysis report for a patient with a history of recurrent urinary
tract infections. The report notes microscopic hematuria and elevated urine specific gravity (1.030). The
NP's next action should be to:
A) Reassure the patient that these findings are common and do not require further evaluation.
B) Schedule a follow-up appointment to discuss the findings and plan further renal function tests.
Page 4
P R O F E S S I O N A L P R A C T I C E M AT E R I A L S
NSG 550 Exam 1 Wilkes
University
100+ (2026) Practice Pack | Verified Q&A with Rationales
Verified Answers Exam Ready With Rationales 100 Questions
DOCUMENT OVERVIEW
This document, "NSG 550 Exam 1 Wilkes University," covers specific topics related to nephrology and urology,
including urinalysis interpretation, diagnostic imaging for renal conditions like calculi and stenosis, and
evaluation of urinary symptoms. It provides 100 exam questions, each with the correct answer and a detailed
explanation, offering students a thorough resource to review and understand key concepts. This format allows for
effective study and a deep dive into the rationale behind correct answers.
E XA M Q U EST I O N S
Q1 QUESTION 1 OF 100
A nephrology nurse is reviewing the results of a screening urinalysis performed on a patient with a family
history of renal disease. The urinalysis shows no protein, no leukocytes, and no nitrites. The nurse
understands that these negative findings, in the context of screening, are most important for:
A) Identifying patients with a high likelihood of disease.
B) Minimizing the number of false negatives in the tested population.
Page 1
,C) Reducing the rate of false positives among asymptomatic individuals.
D) Confirming the absence of any renal pathology.
CORRECT ANSWER
C) Reducing the rate of false positives among asymptomatic individuals.
RATIONALE
High specificity ensures that individuals without the disease are correctly identified as such, minimizing false
positives and avoiding unnecessary anxiety or further invasive testing in those who are truly healthy. This
screening focus aims to efficiently identify those who need further investigation.
Q2 QUESTION 2 OF 100
A 65-year-old male with a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-4 is admitted for evaluation of
acute kidney injury (AKI). His baseline serum creatinine was 1.8 mg/dL, and his current creatinine is 3.2
mg/dL. The nephrology team is considering using IV contrast for an upcoming CT scan to further assess
the renal vasculature. Which statement accurately reflects the diagnostic utility of the urinalysis and serum
creatinine in this context?
A) A high sensitivity urinalysis is preferred to ensure that all patients with significant renal disease are
identified.
B) The current elevated serum creatinine reading is highly sensitive for detecting subtle changes in renal
function.
C) A test with low false negatives, indicating high sensitivity, is crucial for ruling out underlying renal
disease.
D) The urinalysis must demonstrate a low false positive rate to accurately identify patients without
disease.
CORRECT ANSWER
C) A test with low false negatives, indicating high sensitivity, is crucial for ruling out underlying renal
disease.
RATIONALE
High sensitivity is crucial for diagnostic tests like urinalysis or a series of creatinine measurements to minimize
false negatives, ensuring that patients with actual renal disease are identified and do not miss necessary
interventions. This focuses on detecting the presence of disease.
Page 2
, Q3 QUESTION 3 OF 100
A hospital implements a new rapid urinalysis dipstick to screen for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the
emergency department. In the first week, 100 patients with suspected UTIs are tested. Of these, 80 have a
confirmed UTI via urine culture, and 20 do not. The dipstick correctly identifies 70 of the 80 patients with a
UTI, but it incorrectly flags 10 of the 20 uninfected patients as positive. What is the sensitivity of this new
urinalysis dipstick?
A) 70%
B) 87.5%
C) 90%
D) 100%
CORRECT ANSWER
B) 87.5%
RATIONALE
Sensitivity measures the proportion of true positives correctly identified, calculated as True Positives (TP)
divided by the sum of True Positives and False Negatives (TP+FN). In this case, 70 TP / (70 TP + 10 FN) = 87.5%.
Q4 QUESTION 4 OF 100
A nephrology nurse is evaluating the diagnostic performance of a new point-of-care urinalysis dipstick for
detecting early renal disease. A reference laboratory confirmed positive results (true positive, TP) for 85
patients and negative results (true negative, TN) for 115 patients. The dipstick incorrectly identified 10
patients as positive when they were negative (false positive, FP), and 5 patients as negative when they
were positive (false negative, FN). What is the specificity of this dipstick test?
A) 93.3%
B) 85%
C) 92%
D) 88.9%
CORRECT ANSWER
A) 93.3%
Page 3
, RATIONALE
Specificity is calculated as true negatives divided by the sum of true negatives and false positives (TN / (TN + FP)),
which in this case is 115 / (115 + 10) = 93.3%, indicating the test's accuracy in correctly identifying those without
the condition.
Q5 QUESTION 5 OF 100
A radiologist is reviewing orders for a diagnostic imaging study to evaluate for suspected renal calculi in a
68-year-old male patient with a history of chronic kidney disease (eGFR 40 mL/min/1.73m²). The physician
has ordered a CT scan with intravenous contrast. The on-call resident is consulting the American College
of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria for guidance. Which of the following statements best reflects
the ACR's recommendations regarding contrast use in this scenario?
A) Intravenous contrast is generally recommended for CT scans to enhance visualization of renal calculi.
B) Non-contrast computed tomography is the preferred method for initial evaluation of renal calculi,
especially in patients with impaired renal function.
C) The ACR guidelines prioritize radiation exposure reduction over diagnostic accuracy when ordering
imaging for renal calculi.
D) Intravenous contrast is mandatory for any CT scan to ensure adequate comparison with baseline
imaging studies.
CORRECT ANSWER
B) Non-contrast computed tomography is the preferred method for initial evaluation of renal calculi,
especially in patients with impaired renal function.
RATIONALE
The ACR Appropriateness Criteria recommend non-contrast CT as the initial imaging modality for suspected
renal calculi, particularly in patients with compromised renal function, to avoid contrast-induced nephropathy.
This approach prioritizes diagnostic yield while mitigating risks associated with contrast agents.
Q6 QUESTION 6 OF 100
A primary care nurse practitioner reviews a urinalysis report for a patient with a history of recurrent urinary
tract infections. The report notes microscopic hematuria and elevated urine specific gravity (1.030). The
NP's next action should be to:
A) Reassure the patient that these findings are common and do not require further evaluation.
B) Schedule a follow-up appointment to discuss the findings and plan further renal function tests.
Page 4
