TEST 1 MATERIALS NURS 5432
CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Microcytic anemia.
Answer: Characterized by small, pale red blood cells.
◍ Hypochromic anemia.
Answer: Anemia with low hemoglobin concentration.
◍ Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA).
Answer: Caused by low iron intake or blood loss.
◍ PAP smear.
Answer: start at 25year per ACS, HPV every 5 years , cotesting every 5
years, cytology every 3 years
◍ Thalassemia.
Answer: Hereditary disorder affecting hemoglobin synthesis.
◍ Lead poisoning.
Answer: Toxic accumulation of lead causing anemia.
◍ Hemoglobin (Hgb).
Answer: Protein in red blood cells carrying oxygen.
◍ Breast cancer screening.
Answer: Average risk: if chest radiation therapy before 30 year, genetic
mutation of BRCA, family/pt history of CA40-44yr: have option to start
mammogram screening every year45-54yr: SHOULD get mammogram
every year55 and up: can do every other year or q year until they are in good
, health to live 10 more yearshigh risk: Family history of breast cancer,
non-BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, head radiation therapy to chest,
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome, Cowden Syndrome, Banayan-Riley Ruvalcoba
syndrome
◍ Overdiagnosis.
Answer: finding cancer that wouldn't have been a problem if you not found
itACS recommend AGAINST MRI if cancer chance is <15%c
◍ cervical dysplasia.
Answer: the growth of abnormal cells in the cervix can be premalignant
cervical disease called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)CIN 1: mild
dysplasia with low grade lesion. Cellular change in lower 1/3rd of squamous
epitheliumCIN 2: moderate dysplasia with high grade lesion. Cellular
change in lower 2/3 of squamous epitheliumCIN 3 or Carcinoma in situ:
severe dysplasia with high grade lesion. Cellular change in full thickness of
squamous epithelium-Squamous epithelium increase during pregnancy but
reduces postpartum-Endocervical curettage is contraindicated during
pregnancy-Unless cancer is identified/suspected treatment for CIN is
contraindicated during pregnancy
◍ Digital Breast Tomosynthesis.
Answer: provides 3D images from a mammogram machine which rotates
around the breast
◍ Fibroadenoma.
Answer: a round, firm, rubbery mass that arises from excess growth of
glandular and connective tissue in the breastFluctuation in size with
pregnancy or menstrual cycleNO nipple dischargelesions >5cm= giant
fibroadenoma
◍ Fibroadenoma Diagnosis and Treatment.
Answer: Diagnosis:- Palpation- Mammogram or MRI- US to differentiate
cyst from mass- fine needle aspiration BxTreatment:- Surgery
◍ fibrocystic breast disease "nodular sensitivie breast".
, Answer: the presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts
◍ mastoplasia.
Answer: thickening of breast tissue in a ropelike manner that predominate
during menstrual cycle
◍ Hematocrit (Hct).
Answer: Percentage of blood volume occupied by red cells.
◍ Non pharm management for fibrocystic BD.
Answer: Cold compress, supportive bra 24 hours a day, sodium restriction
10 days before onset of menstruation, decrease or eliminate caffeine, reduce
dietary fat
◍ pharm management for fibrocystic BD.
Answer: vitaminD 2000 IU dayspironolactone for swelling (25-200mg PO
daily; start with 100 IU daily)vitamin E 200 IU twice daily or 500 IU
dailyevening primrose oil 2-4g dailyoral contraceptives
◍ Intraductal papilloma (IDP).
Answer: Benign tumor within the ductile system (ductal epithelium and
myoepithelial cells) of the breast that may occur alone or as multiple tumors.
Most common in women ages 35 to 50 years. Ductal ectasia is often
associated with IDP
◍ For bilateral nipple discharge.
Answer: Check for TSH (hypothyroid), prolactin (pituitary
tumor)-medications: spironolactone, antihypertensives, antidepressants,
antidopaminergics, estrogen OCPs, opioids, marijuana, methyldopa, H2
receptor antagonist
◍ Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV).
Answer: Average volume of red blood cells.
◍ Breast cancer screening per ACS.
Answer: Anual between 45 and 54 years, then every two years after age 55
◍ Breast Cancer.
CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Microcytic anemia.
Answer: Characterized by small, pale red blood cells.
◍ Hypochromic anemia.
Answer: Anemia with low hemoglobin concentration.
◍ Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA).
Answer: Caused by low iron intake or blood loss.
◍ PAP smear.
Answer: start at 25year per ACS, HPV every 5 years , cotesting every 5
years, cytology every 3 years
◍ Thalassemia.
Answer: Hereditary disorder affecting hemoglobin synthesis.
◍ Lead poisoning.
Answer: Toxic accumulation of lead causing anemia.
◍ Hemoglobin (Hgb).
Answer: Protein in red blood cells carrying oxygen.
◍ Breast cancer screening.
Answer: Average risk: if chest radiation therapy before 30 year, genetic
mutation of BRCA, family/pt history of CA40-44yr: have option to start
mammogram screening every year45-54yr: SHOULD get mammogram
every year55 and up: can do every other year or q year until they are in good
, health to live 10 more yearshigh risk: Family history of breast cancer,
non-BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, head radiation therapy to chest,
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome, Cowden Syndrome, Banayan-Riley Ruvalcoba
syndrome
◍ Overdiagnosis.
Answer: finding cancer that wouldn't have been a problem if you not found
itACS recommend AGAINST MRI if cancer chance is <15%c
◍ cervical dysplasia.
Answer: the growth of abnormal cells in the cervix can be premalignant
cervical disease called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)CIN 1: mild
dysplasia with low grade lesion. Cellular change in lower 1/3rd of squamous
epitheliumCIN 2: moderate dysplasia with high grade lesion. Cellular
change in lower 2/3 of squamous epitheliumCIN 3 or Carcinoma in situ:
severe dysplasia with high grade lesion. Cellular change in full thickness of
squamous epithelium-Squamous epithelium increase during pregnancy but
reduces postpartum-Endocervical curettage is contraindicated during
pregnancy-Unless cancer is identified/suspected treatment for CIN is
contraindicated during pregnancy
◍ Digital Breast Tomosynthesis.
Answer: provides 3D images from a mammogram machine which rotates
around the breast
◍ Fibroadenoma.
Answer: a round, firm, rubbery mass that arises from excess growth of
glandular and connective tissue in the breastFluctuation in size with
pregnancy or menstrual cycleNO nipple dischargelesions >5cm= giant
fibroadenoma
◍ Fibroadenoma Diagnosis and Treatment.
Answer: Diagnosis:- Palpation- Mammogram or MRI- US to differentiate
cyst from mass- fine needle aspiration BxTreatment:- Surgery
◍ fibrocystic breast disease "nodular sensitivie breast".
, Answer: the presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts
◍ mastoplasia.
Answer: thickening of breast tissue in a ropelike manner that predominate
during menstrual cycle
◍ Hematocrit (Hct).
Answer: Percentage of blood volume occupied by red cells.
◍ Non pharm management for fibrocystic BD.
Answer: Cold compress, supportive bra 24 hours a day, sodium restriction
10 days before onset of menstruation, decrease or eliminate caffeine, reduce
dietary fat
◍ pharm management for fibrocystic BD.
Answer: vitaminD 2000 IU dayspironolactone for swelling (25-200mg PO
daily; start with 100 IU daily)vitamin E 200 IU twice daily or 500 IU
dailyevening primrose oil 2-4g dailyoral contraceptives
◍ Intraductal papilloma (IDP).
Answer: Benign tumor within the ductile system (ductal epithelium and
myoepithelial cells) of the breast that may occur alone or as multiple tumors.
Most common in women ages 35 to 50 years. Ductal ectasia is often
associated with IDP
◍ For bilateral nipple discharge.
Answer: Check for TSH (hypothyroid), prolactin (pituitary
tumor)-medications: spironolactone, antihypertensives, antidepressants,
antidopaminergics, estrogen OCPs, opioids, marijuana, methyldopa, H2
receptor antagonist
◍ Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV).
Answer: Average volume of red blood cells.
◍ Breast cancer screening per ACS.
Answer: Anual between 45 and 54 years, then every two years after age 55
◍ Breast Cancer.
