NU 327 (patho) Exam 2 |Study Questions
with Correct Answers |2026 Update
Intracellular
fluid inside the cell
Extracellular
fluid outside the cell
Interstitial
fluid surrounding cells outside of the vascular space
Third space
collection or localization of fluid that is neither intra nor extra (like interstitial but
it's more fluid) ex: amniotic fluid
Hydrostatic pressure
the pressure created by water; creates a pushing motion of fluid; anything that
increases the amount of water in a container increases the flow of water out of
the container by adding water to the vascular space
(via IV for example)
Colloidal or oncotic pressure
,caused by protein; it pulls in fluid; kind of like a sponge
capillary permeability
where water is pushed in and out of the cell; any injury results in an increased rate
and will allow too much fluid in
Diffusion
moving of particles
Osmosis
movement of fluid from high to low pressure
no fluid shift
what is the impact of isotonic fluid on fluid shifts
no alteration of size
what is the impact of isotonic fluid on cell size
fluid stays in the vessels
Where does isotonic fluid have the propensity to go/stay?
examples of isotonic fluids
,0.9% NS and Ringer's Lactate
pushes fluid out of the vascular space into the intterstital tissue
what is the impact of hypotonic fluid on fluid shifts
into the cell
Where does hypotonic fluid have the propensity to go/stay?
examples of hypotonic fluids
IV solutions:
0.45% NS;
0.225% NS;
D5W;
free water;
D5 0.9% NS;
D5 0.45% NS
isotonic
has the same tonicity of blood
hypotonic
has fewer particles of saline than in human
, hypertonic
has more saline than the bloodstream
pulls fluid into the vascular space from the interstitial and cellular spaces
what is the impact of hypertonic fluid on fluid shifts
cells shrink
what is the impact of hypertonic fluid on cell size
into the vascular space
Where does hypertonic fluid have propensity to go/stay?
examples of hypertonic
3% NS; 5% NS; 5% albumin; 25% albumin; mannitol
dehydration is
dry; hemoconcentrated; decrease volume
causes of dehydration
burns, diarrhea, vomiting, fever
S&S of dehydration
tachycardia, poor turgor
with Correct Answers |2026 Update
Intracellular
fluid inside the cell
Extracellular
fluid outside the cell
Interstitial
fluid surrounding cells outside of the vascular space
Third space
collection or localization of fluid that is neither intra nor extra (like interstitial but
it's more fluid) ex: amniotic fluid
Hydrostatic pressure
the pressure created by water; creates a pushing motion of fluid; anything that
increases the amount of water in a container increases the flow of water out of
the container by adding water to the vascular space
(via IV for example)
Colloidal or oncotic pressure
,caused by protein; it pulls in fluid; kind of like a sponge
capillary permeability
where water is pushed in and out of the cell; any injury results in an increased rate
and will allow too much fluid in
Diffusion
moving of particles
Osmosis
movement of fluid from high to low pressure
no fluid shift
what is the impact of isotonic fluid on fluid shifts
no alteration of size
what is the impact of isotonic fluid on cell size
fluid stays in the vessels
Where does isotonic fluid have the propensity to go/stay?
examples of isotonic fluids
,0.9% NS and Ringer's Lactate
pushes fluid out of the vascular space into the intterstital tissue
what is the impact of hypotonic fluid on fluid shifts
into the cell
Where does hypotonic fluid have the propensity to go/stay?
examples of hypotonic fluids
IV solutions:
0.45% NS;
0.225% NS;
D5W;
free water;
D5 0.9% NS;
D5 0.45% NS
isotonic
has the same tonicity of blood
hypotonic
has fewer particles of saline than in human
, hypertonic
has more saline than the bloodstream
pulls fluid into the vascular space from the interstitial and cellular spaces
what is the impact of hypertonic fluid on fluid shifts
cells shrink
what is the impact of hypertonic fluid on cell size
into the vascular space
Where does hypertonic fluid have propensity to go/stay?
examples of hypertonic
3% NS; 5% NS; 5% albumin; 25% albumin; mannitol
dehydration is
dry; hemoconcentrated; decrease volume
causes of dehydration
burns, diarrhea, vomiting, fever
S&S of dehydration
tachycardia, poor turgor
