NU 327 Exam 4 |Study Questions with
Correct Answers |Graded A+ 2026
What is the goal of the circulatory system? -Correct Answer ✔-transport oxygen
and nutrients and the removal of metabolic waste in the body
What is the role of the lymphatic system? -Correct Answer ✔-reabsorbs fluid that
leaks out of vascular network
Describe the structure of arteries -Correct Answer ✔-3 layers
- tunica intima: endothelial cells, direct contact w the blood and smooth
- tunica media: muscular tissue that constricts and dilates when needed
- tunica adventitia: connective tissue
What effect does the composition of the blood have on the endothelium? -
Correct Answer ✔-- high cholesterol causes injury to the endothelial wall and fat
deposits on artery walls
- glucose damages walls
- vasoconstriction
- nicotine
Hyperlipidemia -Correct Answer ✔-elevated levels of lipids in the blood stream
Etiology Hyperlipidemia -Correct Answer ✔-- elevated levels of lipids
- leads to atherosclerosis
- 20% of adults older than 20
,What are the effects of smoking on the body? -Correct Answer ✔-- increased
thrombus formation
- nicotine elevates levels of LDL and decreases levels of HDL
- vasospasms
- increased platelet aggregation
- release of endogenous catecholamines
coronary heart disease
Saturated Fats -Correct Answer ✔-solid forms of animal fats (meat, eggs, butter,
cheese)
Unsaturated Fats -Correct Answer ✔-liquid forms of fat (any kinda oil)
S&S Of Hyperlipidemia -Correct Answer ✔-- some are asymptomatic until there is
a problem
- xanthoma and xanthelasma
- yellow ring around cornea (arcus senilis)
- metabolic syndrome (obesity, HTN, glucose intolerance)
How is hyperlipidemia diagnosed? -Correct Answer ✔-- Total cholesterol: less
than 200 mg/dL
- LDL: less than 100
- HDL: above 60 less than 40 is at risk for heart disease
- triglycerides: less than 150 mg/dL
,How is hyperlipidemia treated? -Correct Answer ✔-- life style changes
- drugs for reducing triglycerides and cholesterol
- angioplasty
- CABG
stroke volume (SV) -Correct Answer ✔-volume of blood leaving the heart w each
contraction
peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) -Correct Answer ✔-resistance to ejection
radius of arteries affect it
What is cardiac output and what is normal? -Correct Answer ✔-heart rate: 60-100
bpm
CO= SV x HR
What is the formula for BP? -Correct Answer ✔-BP = CO x PVR
MAP (mean arterial pressure) -Correct Answer ✔-SBP + 2(DBP)/3 Normal is 70-
110
Arterial control -Correct Answer ✔-increases cardiac output (CO)
Renin angiotensin aldosterone system RAAS -Correct Answer ✔-- made by kidneys
- secrete renin when BP is decreased
- results in increase in BP
, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) -Correct Answer ✔-increases BP
fluid volume -Correct Answer ✔-- increases PVR to increase BP
- increases ECF to increase CO which then increases PVR which increases BP
What does systolic mean related to BP? -Correct Answer ✔-top number and the
contraction of the heart
What does diastolic mean related to BP? -Correct Answer ✔-bottom number and
the relaxation of the heart
Causes of orthostatic hypotension -Correct Answer ✔-▫Reduced blood volume
▫Vasovagal response
▫Drug induced
▫Aging
▫Prolonged bed rest
▫Autonomic nervous system disorders
S/S of orthostatic hypotension -Correct Answer ✔-- dizziness
- blurred vision
- fainting
- injury from falls
Treatment for orthostatic hypotension -Correct Answer ✔-- remove cause
- move slowly
- avoid excessive vasodilation
Correct Answers |Graded A+ 2026
What is the goal of the circulatory system? -Correct Answer ✔-transport oxygen
and nutrients and the removal of metabolic waste in the body
What is the role of the lymphatic system? -Correct Answer ✔-reabsorbs fluid that
leaks out of vascular network
Describe the structure of arteries -Correct Answer ✔-3 layers
- tunica intima: endothelial cells, direct contact w the blood and smooth
- tunica media: muscular tissue that constricts and dilates when needed
- tunica adventitia: connective tissue
What effect does the composition of the blood have on the endothelium? -
Correct Answer ✔-- high cholesterol causes injury to the endothelial wall and fat
deposits on artery walls
- glucose damages walls
- vasoconstriction
- nicotine
Hyperlipidemia -Correct Answer ✔-elevated levels of lipids in the blood stream
Etiology Hyperlipidemia -Correct Answer ✔-- elevated levels of lipids
- leads to atherosclerosis
- 20% of adults older than 20
,What are the effects of smoking on the body? -Correct Answer ✔-- increased
thrombus formation
- nicotine elevates levels of LDL and decreases levels of HDL
- vasospasms
- increased platelet aggregation
- release of endogenous catecholamines
coronary heart disease
Saturated Fats -Correct Answer ✔-solid forms of animal fats (meat, eggs, butter,
cheese)
Unsaturated Fats -Correct Answer ✔-liquid forms of fat (any kinda oil)
S&S Of Hyperlipidemia -Correct Answer ✔-- some are asymptomatic until there is
a problem
- xanthoma and xanthelasma
- yellow ring around cornea (arcus senilis)
- metabolic syndrome (obesity, HTN, glucose intolerance)
How is hyperlipidemia diagnosed? -Correct Answer ✔-- Total cholesterol: less
than 200 mg/dL
- LDL: less than 100
- HDL: above 60 less than 40 is at risk for heart disease
- triglycerides: less than 150 mg/dL
,How is hyperlipidemia treated? -Correct Answer ✔-- life style changes
- drugs for reducing triglycerides and cholesterol
- angioplasty
- CABG
stroke volume (SV) -Correct Answer ✔-volume of blood leaving the heart w each
contraction
peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) -Correct Answer ✔-resistance to ejection
radius of arteries affect it
What is cardiac output and what is normal? -Correct Answer ✔-heart rate: 60-100
bpm
CO= SV x HR
What is the formula for BP? -Correct Answer ✔-BP = CO x PVR
MAP (mean arterial pressure) -Correct Answer ✔-SBP + 2(DBP)/3 Normal is 70-
110
Arterial control -Correct Answer ✔-increases cardiac output (CO)
Renin angiotensin aldosterone system RAAS -Correct Answer ✔-- made by kidneys
- secrete renin when BP is decreased
- results in increase in BP
, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) -Correct Answer ✔-increases BP
fluid volume -Correct Answer ✔-- increases PVR to increase BP
- increases ECF to increase CO which then increases PVR which increases BP
What does systolic mean related to BP? -Correct Answer ✔-top number and the
contraction of the heart
What does diastolic mean related to BP? -Correct Answer ✔-bottom number and
the relaxation of the heart
Causes of orthostatic hypotension -Correct Answer ✔-▫Reduced blood volume
▫Vasovagal response
▫Drug induced
▫Aging
▫Prolonged bed rest
▫Autonomic nervous system disorders
S/S of orthostatic hypotension -Correct Answer ✔-- dizziness
- blurred vision
- fainting
- injury from falls
Treatment for orthostatic hypotension -Correct Answer ✔-- remove cause
- move slowly
- avoid excessive vasodilation
