NU 327 Exam 5 Questions with Correct Answers Graded A+ 2026

NU 327 Exam 5 |Questions with
Correct Answers |Graded A+ 2026
What is dysphagia? -Correct Answer ✔-difficulty swallowing

What are the main clinical consequences of dysphagia? -Correct Answer
✔-> malnutrition
> aspiration

Clinical manifestations of dysphagia -Correct Answer ✔-> Pain with
swallowing
> Choking/aspiration
> Malnutrition
> Weight loss

Treatments for dysphagia -Correct Answer ✔-> "Thickener"
> Aspiration precautions
> Positioning
> Surgical correction

Esophageal pain etiology -Correct Answer ✔-Two types:
> Pyrosis (heartburn)

> Pain in the middle of the chest
Mimics Angina Pectoris
May radiate

Pathogenesis of esophageal pain -Correct Answer ✔-Reflux of gastric
contents (acid) into esophagus
> Pyrosis

Esophageal distention
Powerful esophageal muscle contraction
> Chest pain

Clinical manifestations of esophageal pain -Correct Answer ✔-> Chest pain
> Shortness of breath

,> Retrosternal burning
> Water brash (regurgitation of sour fluid or tasteless saliva into the mouth-
hypersalivation)
> Nausea

Esophageal pain treatment -Correct Answer ✔-> prevention
> causative agent specific

Diarrhea etiology -Correct Answer ✔-Increase in frequency and fluidity of
bowel movements

Acute
> Infection
> Stress
> Food allergy
> Leakage of stool around an impaction

Chronic
> Greater than 4 weeks
> Malabsorption
> Chronic infection

Pathogenesis of diarrhea -Correct Answer ✔-Motility disturbance
> Decreased contact time of chyme with small intestine
> Absorptive capacity in large intestine is exceeded

Exudative
> Inflammatory processes
> Mucous
> Blood
> Protein

Secretory
> Toxins that stimulate intestinal fluid secretion and impair absorption
> Staphylococcus aureus

Osmotic
> Increased amounts of poorly absorbed solutes in the intestine cause
sodium and water influx

,Etiology of constipation -Correct Answer ✔-> Small, infrequent, or difficult
bowel movements
> Fewer then 3 stools per week
> Low fiber diet
> Lack of exercise
> Slow peristalsis (elderly, postoperatively, narcotics)
> Can lead to impaction

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) etiology - cause -Correct
Answer ✔-> Backward flow of gastric contents into esophagus

> May or may not produce symptoms

Pathogenesis of GERD -Correct Answer ✔-Incomplete closure of lower
esophageal sphincter (LES) May be affected by:
> Fatty foods
> Caffeine
> ETOH
> Smoking
> Sleep position
> Obesity

Increased abdominal pressure
> Pregnancy
> Hiatal hernias

Drugs
> Birth control pills
> Narcotics

GERD clinical manifestation -Correct Answer ✔-> heartburn
> regurgitation
> dysphagia
> chest pain (usually after a meal)

Complications of GERD -Correct Answer ✔-> Esophageal strictures
> Barrett esophagus-precancerous

, > Pulmonary symptoms (from reflux into breathing passages; cough,
asthma, laryngitis)

Treatment of GERD -Correct Answer ✔-Aimed at increasing function of
LES
> Sleep with HOB elevated
> Sit up during meals

Surgical repair
> Nissen fundoplication

Pharmacologic
> H2 blockers
> PPI

Diet
> Avoid ETOH
> Avoid Fatty foods
> Avoid eating before bedtime
> Quit Smoking
> Eat frequent small meals
> Increase fluid intake

What is nissen fundoplication? -Correct Answer ✔-

Hiatal hernia etiology -Correct Answer ✔-defined as Stomach above
diaphragm

Cause not understood

Associated with conditions of increased intra abdominal pressure
increases:
> Ascites
> Pregnancy
> Obesity
> Chronic straining/coughing

Pathogenesis of hiatal hernia -Correct Answer ✔-defect in the diaphragm
that allows a portion of the stomach to pass into the thorax