NU 327 Exam 6 |Study Questions and
Answers |Graded A+ 2026
Functions of the skeletal system -Correct Answer ✔-Protection of internal organs
Provide bony attachments for muscles and ligaments
Present rigid levers to allow functional movement of the body and its separate
parts
Store mineral and marrow elements for forming new blood cells
organic matrix of bone -Correct Answer ✔-Collagen fibers (strength and
flexibility)
Ground substance (surrounds bone cells) Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Inorganic mineral content -Correct Answer ✔-Mineral salts (calcium and
phosphate)
Hard, rigid structure
Reservoir for calcium and phosphorus
Osteon (Haversion system) -Correct Answer ✔-Basic unit of bone
Haversion canals allow nutrients from blood vessels to reach the osteocytes
Osteoblasts -Correct Answer ✔-Lay down bone
Responsible for bone growth and repair
Estrogen secretion helps regulate
Osteoclasts -Correct Answer ✔-Bone resorption
,Tearing down the old or excess bone
Cancellous bone (trabecular) -Correct Answer ✔-Spongy
Thin plates
Laid down in response to stress
Accomodates loads
Compact bone (cortical) -Correct Answer ✔-Resistant to compression
Dense in structure
Periosteum -Correct Answer ✔-Vascular
Inner layer contains
osteoblasts
Covers the entire bone except for the ends
long bone -Correct Answer ✔-
Wolff's law -Correct Answer ✔-Bone is laid down where it is needed and
resorbed where it is not needed
Why is this important?
Immobilized bone or persons on bedrest are not subject to stress
Bone-resorbing activity
increases (osteoclasts)
Increased risk for fractures
Increased risk for falls
Geriatric Considerations -Correct Answer ✔-Increased bone resorption and
decreased bone formation
-Osteoporosis
Increased bone circumference
-Pelvis widening
,Dehydration of intravertebral disks
-Kyphosis
-Decreased height
Erosion and thinning of cartilage
-Synovial membrane fibrosis
Cartilage -Correct Answer ✔-Dense connective tissue
Supports, shapes, and cushions body structures
Avascular
Tendons -Correct Answer ✔-Attach bones to muscles
Allow movement
Ligaments -Correct Answer ✔-Connect bones to bones
Provide stability to joints
Bursea -Correct Answer ✔-Small sac synovial fluid around joints & between
tendons, ligaments, bone
Located in areas of high friction-acts as a cushion
Types of joints which determine the ROM of a joint -Correct Answer ✔-1.
Synarthroses
2. Diarthroses
Synarthroses -Correct Answer ✔-Fibrous - stabilize and fuse to surfaces and
allow little movement (skull)
Cartilaginous - stabilize, transmit stress and allow little movement (symphysis
pubis)
Diarthroses -Correct Answer ✔-Synovial or diarthroses - mobile joints
-Incapsulated with synovial fluid, cartilage, menisci
typical synovial joint -Correct Answer ✔-
, Torn Meniscus Etiology/Pathogenesis -Correct Answer ✔-Made of tough
cartilage
Shock absorbers in knee
Menisci are often torn by rotation of the femur when the knee is flexed
Torn Meniscus Clinical Manifestations -Correct Answer ✔-Pain
Swelling
Tenderness when pressing on the meniscus
Popping or clicking within the knee
"Joint locking" or inability to completely straighten out the joint
Torn Meniscus Treatment -Correct Answer ✔-Anti-inflammatory medications,
joint stabilization,
physical therapy
possible surgery
Protruded Disks Etiology -Correct Answer ✔-Padlike structures between
vertebrae
-Annulus fibrosis
-Nucleus pulposus
Allow slight movement
Age related wear and tear
Lifting heavy objects/Twisting
Trauma
Protruded Disk Clinical Manifestations -Correct Answer ✔-Pain
Altered sensation
-Numbness
-tingling
Motor weakness
Diminished reflexes
Answers |Graded A+ 2026
Functions of the skeletal system -Correct Answer ✔-Protection of internal organs
Provide bony attachments for muscles and ligaments
Present rigid levers to allow functional movement of the body and its separate
parts
Store mineral and marrow elements for forming new blood cells
organic matrix of bone -Correct Answer ✔-Collagen fibers (strength and
flexibility)
Ground substance (surrounds bone cells) Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Inorganic mineral content -Correct Answer ✔-Mineral salts (calcium and
phosphate)
Hard, rigid structure
Reservoir for calcium and phosphorus
Osteon (Haversion system) -Correct Answer ✔-Basic unit of bone
Haversion canals allow nutrients from blood vessels to reach the osteocytes
Osteoblasts -Correct Answer ✔-Lay down bone
Responsible for bone growth and repair
Estrogen secretion helps regulate
Osteoclasts -Correct Answer ✔-Bone resorption
,Tearing down the old or excess bone
Cancellous bone (trabecular) -Correct Answer ✔-Spongy
Thin plates
Laid down in response to stress
Accomodates loads
Compact bone (cortical) -Correct Answer ✔-Resistant to compression
Dense in structure
Periosteum -Correct Answer ✔-Vascular
Inner layer contains
osteoblasts
Covers the entire bone except for the ends
long bone -Correct Answer ✔-
Wolff's law -Correct Answer ✔-Bone is laid down where it is needed and
resorbed where it is not needed
Why is this important?
Immobilized bone or persons on bedrest are not subject to stress
Bone-resorbing activity
increases (osteoclasts)
Increased risk for fractures
Increased risk for falls
Geriatric Considerations -Correct Answer ✔-Increased bone resorption and
decreased bone formation
-Osteoporosis
Increased bone circumference
-Pelvis widening
,Dehydration of intravertebral disks
-Kyphosis
-Decreased height
Erosion and thinning of cartilage
-Synovial membrane fibrosis
Cartilage -Correct Answer ✔-Dense connective tissue
Supports, shapes, and cushions body structures
Avascular
Tendons -Correct Answer ✔-Attach bones to muscles
Allow movement
Ligaments -Correct Answer ✔-Connect bones to bones
Provide stability to joints
Bursea -Correct Answer ✔-Small sac synovial fluid around joints & between
tendons, ligaments, bone
Located in areas of high friction-acts as a cushion
Types of joints which determine the ROM of a joint -Correct Answer ✔-1.
Synarthroses
2. Diarthroses
Synarthroses -Correct Answer ✔-Fibrous - stabilize and fuse to surfaces and
allow little movement (skull)
Cartilaginous - stabilize, transmit stress and allow little movement (symphysis
pubis)
Diarthroses -Correct Answer ✔-Synovial or diarthroses - mobile joints
-Incapsulated with synovial fluid, cartilage, menisci
typical synovial joint -Correct Answer ✔-
, Torn Meniscus Etiology/Pathogenesis -Correct Answer ✔-Made of tough
cartilage
Shock absorbers in knee
Menisci are often torn by rotation of the femur when the knee is flexed
Torn Meniscus Clinical Manifestations -Correct Answer ✔-Pain
Swelling
Tenderness when pressing on the meniscus
Popping or clicking within the knee
"Joint locking" or inability to completely straighten out the joint
Torn Meniscus Treatment -Correct Answer ✔-Anti-inflammatory medications,
joint stabilization,
physical therapy
possible surgery
Protruded Disks Etiology -Correct Answer ✔-Padlike structures between
vertebrae
-Annulus fibrosis
-Nucleus pulposus
Allow slight movement
Age related wear and tear
Lifting heavy objects/Twisting
Trauma
Protruded Disk Clinical Manifestations -Correct Answer ✔-Pain
Altered sensation
-Numbness
-tingling
Motor weakness
Diminished reflexes
