PUBH 3130: Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Exam 2: Actual Questions and Answers with 100% Accuracy
(Verified by Professor)
Department of Population Health Sciences
Graduate School of Public Health
Course Instructor: Professor [Name Redacted]
Corresponding Author:
Academic Year: 2026-2027
Date of Examination: June 2026
Abstract
This document presents a comprehensive 40-question examination for PUBH 3130: Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, designed to assess graduate-level competency across foundational and advanced
epidemiological methods, biostatistical inference, and contemporary environmental and occupational health
applications. The examination is structured across four domains: epidemiological principles and disease
frequency measurement (10 questions) covering incidence, prevalence, mortality rates, DALYs, screening
test properties, and age-standardization; observational study design and validity (10 questions) addressing
case-control, cohort, cross-sectional, and ecological designs, Berkson's bias, healthy worker effect,
prevalence user bias, and the ecological fallacy; biostatistics, statistical inference, and data interpretation (10
questions) including confidence intervals, hypothesis testing (t-tests, chi-square, ANOVA), correlation,
logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, diagnostic test predictive values, and statistical power; and
environmental and occupational health with 2026 methodological updates (10 questions) encompassing
occupational exposure standards, cancer cluster investigation, AI-assisted data cleaning, digital epidemiology
validation, Bayesian hierarchical models, difference-in-differences designs, PRISMA-AI guidelines, and
wearable sensor exposure assessment. Each question includes four options with one correct answer and a
detailed rationale. The examination allocates 2.50 points per question for 100 total points with an 80%
mastery threshold. Content reflects 2026-2027 academic standards including updated IARC classifications,
OSHA standard reviews, and emerging computational methods in environmental epidemiology.
Keywords: epidemiology, biostatistics, disease frequency, study design, validity, bias, confounding,
screening, hypothesis testing, regression, survival analysis, environmental health, occupational health, digital
epidemiology, AI-assisted research, 2026 guidelines
,Parameter Detail
Course Code PUBH 3130
Course Title Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Examination Exam 2 (Actual Questions and Answers)
Total Questions 40 (Multiple Choice, A-D)
Total Points 100 (2.50 points per question)
Passing Threshold 80% (80 points)
Cognitive Distribution 30% Recall, 50% Application, 20% Analysis
Year Alignment 2026-2027 Academic Standards
Verification Professor-Verified for 100% Accuracy
, Section 1: Epidemiological Principles & Disease Frequency Measurement
Questions 1-10 | Cognitive Levels: Recall, Application, Analysis
This section assesses understanding of fundamental epidemiological measures including incidence rates, prevalence,
mortality rates (infant, neonatal, post-neonatal), standardized mortality ratios, DALYs, screening test characteristics
(sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV), age-standardization, and relative risk calculation. Emphasis is placed on the correct
interpretation and application of these measures in public health practice.
Q1. A population of 50,000 adults is followed for 5 years. During this period, 500 new cases of
diabetes are diagnosed. The total person-years of observation is 245,000. What is the incidence rate
of diabetes per 1,000 person-years? [Application]
A. 10.0 per 1,000 person-years
B. 2.04 per 1,000 person-years [CORRECT]
C. 1.0 per 1,000 person-years
D. 0.5 per 1,000 person-years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Incidence rate = ,000 x 1,000 = 2.04 per 1,000 person-years. This uses person-time as the
denominator, accounting for varying follow-up durations across individuals in the cohort.
Q2. The prevalence of hypertension in a community survey of 10,000 adults is 25%. The average
duration of hypertension in this population is 10 years. Assuming the incidence rate remains
constant, what would happen to the prevalence if a new treatment reduces the average duration to 5
years? [Application]
A. Prevalence would remain unchanged because incidence determines prevalence, not duration.
B. Prevalence would decrease by approximately 50%, from 25% to approximately 12.5%, because
prevalence is directly proportional to disease duration when incidence is constant (Prevalence =
Incidence x Duration). [CORRECT]
Section 2: Observational Study Design & Validity
Questions 11-20 | Cognitive Levels: Recall, Application, Analysis
This section evaluates understanding of observational study designs (case-control, cohort, cross-sectional, ecological,
nested case-control), their respective biases (Berkson's bias, recall bias, healthy worker effect, prevalence user bias,
ecological fallacy, loss to follow-up), confounding, effect modification, and the appropriate selection of study designs for
specific research questions.
C. Prevalence would increase because shorter disease duration means more people cycle through the
disease state faster.
D. Prevalence would double because the shorter duration allows more new cases to be counted.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: By the prevalence formula P = I x D, halving the duration (D) while incidence (I) stays constant
halves the prevalence. From 25% to approximately 12.5%. This relationship is central to understanding how
treatment that shortens disease duration affects population burden.
Q3. In a population of 100,000, there are 2,000 existing cases of asthma and 400 new cases
diagnosed over one year. The crude mortality rate for the population is 800 per 100,000. Which
measure best describes the burden of asthma requiring ongoing healthcare resource allocation?
[Application]
A. Incidence rate of 4 per 1,000, because it captures new cases requiring initial treatment.
B. Period prevalence of 2.4%, because it captures both existing and new cases over the defined
period, representing the total burden of asthma requiring healthcare resources. [CORRECT]
Exam 2: Actual Questions and Answers with 100% Accuracy
(Verified by Professor)
Department of Population Health Sciences
Graduate School of Public Health
Course Instructor: Professor [Name Redacted]
Corresponding Author:
Academic Year: 2026-2027
Date of Examination: June 2026
Abstract
This document presents a comprehensive 40-question examination for PUBH 3130: Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, designed to assess graduate-level competency across foundational and advanced
epidemiological methods, biostatistical inference, and contemporary environmental and occupational health
applications. The examination is structured across four domains: epidemiological principles and disease
frequency measurement (10 questions) covering incidence, prevalence, mortality rates, DALYs, screening
test properties, and age-standardization; observational study design and validity (10 questions) addressing
case-control, cohort, cross-sectional, and ecological designs, Berkson's bias, healthy worker effect,
prevalence user bias, and the ecological fallacy; biostatistics, statistical inference, and data interpretation (10
questions) including confidence intervals, hypothesis testing (t-tests, chi-square, ANOVA), correlation,
logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, diagnostic test predictive values, and statistical power; and
environmental and occupational health with 2026 methodological updates (10 questions) encompassing
occupational exposure standards, cancer cluster investigation, AI-assisted data cleaning, digital epidemiology
validation, Bayesian hierarchical models, difference-in-differences designs, PRISMA-AI guidelines, and
wearable sensor exposure assessment. Each question includes four options with one correct answer and a
detailed rationale. The examination allocates 2.50 points per question for 100 total points with an 80%
mastery threshold. Content reflects 2026-2027 academic standards including updated IARC classifications,
OSHA standard reviews, and emerging computational methods in environmental epidemiology.
Keywords: epidemiology, biostatistics, disease frequency, study design, validity, bias, confounding,
screening, hypothesis testing, regression, survival analysis, environmental health, occupational health, digital
epidemiology, AI-assisted research, 2026 guidelines
,Parameter Detail
Course Code PUBH 3130
Course Title Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Examination Exam 2 (Actual Questions and Answers)
Total Questions 40 (Multiple Choice, A-D)
Total Points 100 (2.50 points per question)
Passing Threshold 80% (80 points)
Cognitive Distribution 30% Recall, 50% Application, 20% Analysis
Year Alignment 2026-2027 Academic Standards
Verification Professor-Verified for 100% Accuracy
, Section 1: Epidemiological Principles & Disease Frequency Measurement
Questions 1-10 | Cognitive Levels: Recall, Application, Analysis
This section assesses understanding of fundamental epidemiological measures including incidence rates, prevalence,
mortality rates (infant, neonatal, post-neonatal), standardized mortality ratios, DALYs, screening test characteristics
(sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV), age-standardization, and relative risk calculation. Emphasis is placed on the correct
interpretation and application of these measures in public health practice.
Q1. A population of 50,000 adults is followed for 5 years. During this period, 500 new cases of
diabetes are diagnosed. The total person-years of observation is 245,000. What is the incidence rate
of diabetes per 1,000 person-years? [Application]
A. 10.0 per 1,000 person-years
B. 2.04 per 1,000 person-years [CORRECT]
C. 1.0 per 1,000 person-years
D. 0.5 per 1,000 person-years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Incidence rate = ,000 x 1,000 = 2.04 per 1,000 person-years. This uses person-time as the
denominator, accounting for varying follow-up durations across individuals in the cohort.
Q2. The prevalence of hypertension in a community survey of 10,000 adults is 25%. The average
duration of hypertension in this population is 10 years. Assuming the incidence rate remains
constant, what would happen to the prevalence if a new treatment reduces the average duration to 5
years? [Application]
A. Prevalence would remain unchanged because incidence determines prevalence, not duration.
B. Prevalence would decrease by approximately 50%, from 25% to approximately 12.5%, because
prevalence is directly proportional to disease duration when incidence is constant (Prevalence =
Incidence x Duration). [CORRECT]
Section 2: Observational Study Design & Validity
Questions 11-20 | Cognitive Levels: Recall, Application, Analysis
This section evaluates understanding of observational study designs (case-control, cohort, cross-sectional, ecological,
nested case-control), their respective biases (Berkson's bias, recall bias, healthy worker effect, prevalence user bias,
ecological fallacy, loss to follow-up), confounding, effect modification, and the appropriate selection of study designs for
specific research questions.
C. Prevalence would increase because shorter disease duration means more people cycle through the
disease state faster.
D. Prevalence would double because the shorter duration allows more new cases to be counted.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: By the prevalence formula P = I x D, halving the duration (D) while incidence (I) stays constant
halves the prevalence. From 25% to approximately 12.5%. This relationship is central to understanding how
treatment that shortens disease duration affects population burden.
Q3. In a population of 100,000, there are 2,000 existing cases of asthma and 400 new cases
diagnosed over one year. The crude mortality rate for the population is 800 per 100,000. Which
measure best describes the burden of asthma requiring ongoing healthcare resource allocation?
[Application]
A. Incidence rate of 4 per 1,000, because it captures new cases requiring initial treatment.
B. Period prevalence of 2.4%, because it captures both existing and new cases over the defined
period, representing the total burden of asthma requiring healthcare resources. [CORRECT]
