Professional Nursing EXAM 1 NCLEX Practice Questions & Answers

Professional Nursing EXAM 1 NCLEX Practice Questions & Answers 3. An international nurse recruiter is looking at factors that would push nurses to seek employment in another country. What should the recruiter expect to push nurses towards migration? A. Personal safety B. Poor working conditions Correct C. Professional incentives D. Better quality of life Factors that push nurses to seek employment in other countries include: poor working conditions, poor compensation, political instability and lack of opportunities for career development. Personal safety, professional incentives and better quality of life are factors that pull nurses emigrate. 4. What action should the nurse recruiter take to successfully recruit (pull) a nurse from a foreign country? A. Offer the nurse costly benefits. B. Offer a position with minimal career development. C. Offer comparable working conditions. D. Offer personal incentives such as increased pay. Correct Factors that pull nurses to emigrate include: personal incentives such as better pay, safer working conditions and career development. Factors that push nurses to seek employment in other countries include poor working conditions, poor compensation, political instability and lack of opportunities for career development. 5. The nurse educator is providing a lecture on practice settings for nurses. Which statement from a new nurse indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "The most common practice setting for new nurses is home care." B. "Hospitals remain the primary worksite for RNs." Correct C. "Nursing homes employ 10% of the nursing workforce." D. "Many new nurses gain experience in medical offices." Hospitals remain the primary worksite for RNs, with 63.2% of RNs employed in either the inpatient or outpatient setting, which is where many new nurses gain experience and strengthen skills. Nursing homes employ 5.3% of nurses in the workforce. 6. The nurse professor is giving a lecture on the origin of nursing practice and care. Which statement by one of the students indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Nursing care originated in the home and community settings." Correct B. "Nursing care originated in the hospital setting." C. "It is unsure where nursing care originated." D. "Nursing care likely originated in medical offices." Nursing care originated and was practiced informally in the home and community settings. Over the last 150 years, nursing care moved into the hospital settings. In more modern times, nursing care became available in medical offices. 7. The nurse manager wants to encourage staff nurses to enroll in an RN-BSN program. Which patient centered outcomes are likely to encourage the staff nurses to obtain a higher degree level? A. Nurses with advanced degrees are given more vacation days. B. Patients cared for by BSN (or higher) prepared nurses have more positive outcomes. Correct C. Patient satisfaction scores are higher with BSN (or higher) prepared nurses. D. Patients won't use their call lights as much. Research has indicated that patients cared for by BSN or higher-prepared RNs have more positive outcomes. Patients have less complications and better quality of care. 8. The nurse educator is giving a presentation on military nursing. Which statement by one of the attendees indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Military nurses are required to hold an associates degree for active duty." B. "Military nurses must have at least 5 years of critical care experience." C. "Military nurses have great opportunities for advanced education." Correct D. "Military nurses must be 18 to begin active duty." Military nurses have great opportunities for advanced education, and are supported during schooling. Tuition, books, moving expenses and even salary are often supplied. Military nurses are required to hold a BSN for active duty and be between the ages of 21 and 46½ to enter active duty. They are not required to have any specialized previous experience. 9. The hospice nurse is caring for a patient who is actively dying. Which actions are supported by the Hospice Standards of Practice? A. Reassure the family that the patient is going to be ok. B. Withhold pain medication so that the patient can communicate with the family. C. Turn the patient every 2 hours, even if the patient appears to be in pain. D. Provide culturally sensitive care to the patient and family. Correct Hospice care strives to improve the patient's quality of life and reduce suffering. It would be appropriate for the nurse to provide care to the patient and family that is culturally sensitive. The nurse should sit down with the family and explain the goal of hospice and methods to keep the patient comfortable, while honoring the dignity of the patient. 10. The nurse is attending a lecture on the advancements in telehealth. Which statement from a colleague indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Patient data cannot be remotely monitored." B. "Telehealth expands healthcare access to underserved populations." Correct C. "Telehealth is a separate nursing specialty." D. "The fastest growing applications of these technologies are inpatient hospitals." Telehealth expands healthcare access to underserved populations, to individuals in both rural and urban settings. Patient data is remotely monitored-including blood pressure, blood glucose, oxygen level, etc. Telehealth is not a separate nursing specialty, but is a part of other nursing roles. While few nurses use telehealth, the fast growing applications of these technologies are telephone triage, remote monitoring and homecare. CHAPTER 4 NURSING EDUCATION 1. The nurse professor is giving a lecture on hospital based nursing programs during the late 1880s.Whichs statement by one of the students indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Hospital-based nursing education programs were associated with bachelor degrees." B. "Hospital-based nursing education programs focused on high quality education." C. "Hospital-based nursing education programs existed to staff the hospitals that provided education." Correct D. "Hospital-based nursing education programs offered dual degree programs." Hospital-based nursing education programs existed to staff the hospitals that provided education. Therefore, the primary concern of these hospitals was not always a quality education. Graduates of hospital-based nursing education programs received diplomas. 2. A group of nurses have just left a lecture on the contributions of Isabel Hampton Robb. Which statement indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Robb was the first nursing professor in history." B. "Robb became a pioneer in nursing education." C. "Robb investigated ways to better prepare nurses for leadership in schools of nursing." Correct D. "Robb opened Teacher's College in New York." Isabel Hampton Robb chaired a Society-selected committee which investigated ways to better prepare nurses for leadership in schools of nursing. Mary Adelaide Nutting came to Teacher's College as the first nursing professor in history and became a pioneer in nursing education. 3. A group of new nurses has decided to further study the history of nursing. After listening to a lecture on Anne W. Goodrich, which statement indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Goodrich became a pioneer in nursing education." B. "Goodrich opened Teacher's College in New York." C. "Goodrich was the first nursing professor in history." D. "Goodrich became the first dean of Yale University's nursing school." Correct Anne W. Goodrich became the first dean of Yale University's nursing school. The nursing school was the first to have a separate department and its own dean. Goodrich did not open Teacher's College in New York. Mary Adelaide Nutting became a pioneer in nursing education and was the first nursing professor in history. 4. A prospective student in interested in becoming a nurse, and has is meeting with an academic advisor. The student is looking for a program that is low cost, with evening study opportunities and shorter duration programs. Which nursing entry program should the advisor suggest? A. The diploma program B. The baccalaureate degree program C. The associate degree program Correct D. RN to BSN program Dr. Mildred Montag introduced the idea of the associate degree program as a solution to the post world war II nursing shortage. Associate degree programs are lower cost, often with evening study opportunities and offer a shorter duration program. At the end of the program, students were prepared to take the NCLEX RN licensure exam. 5. The nurse professor is giving an education on associate degree education. Which statement by one of the students indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Associate degree programs are 4 years in length." B. "Upon graduation, students are considered LPNs." C. "Students must go through a BSN program to take the NCLEX RN." D. "Associate degree nursing education is the newest form of basic preparation for RN practice." Correct 6. The prospective nurse is considering which nursing school to enroll in. Which considerations about the accreditation status of the school are important to keep in mind? A. Nurses who graduate from accredited schools are paid more. B. Qualifying for certain loans often require being enrolled in an accredited program. Correct C. Nurses can be accepted into any graduate program, regardless of accreditation status. D. Accreditation schools cost more, with no added benefit. Qualifying for certain loans, scholarships and military service usually require the student to be enrolled in an accredited program. There is no data to support that nurses who graduate from accredited school are paid more. Often, acceptance into graduate school requires that the nurse graduate from an accredited school. Accredited schools do not always cost more, unless they are private schools. There are great benefits to attending an accredited school. 7. Which statement by the nurse, regarding entrance into a masters degree program in nursing, shows that further education is needed? A. "The student may enter with an associates degree." Correct B. "The student is typically licensed as an RN." C. "Students typically work as RNs prior to enrolling." D. "Students typically have an undergraduate GPA of 3.0." Student enrolling in a masters degree program typically enroll with a BSN degree. Students are also typically licensed as an RN, have worked as an RN and have an undergraduate GPA of at least 3.0. 8. The nurse professor is giving a lecture on The Future of Nursing report (2011), published by the Institute of Medicine. Which statement(s) by one of the students indicates that the teaching has been effective? (Select all that apply.) A. "Nurses must practice to the full extent of their education and training." B. "Nurses should strive to obtain associate degrees, so that they may begin practicing immediately." Correct C. "Nurses should be full partners in health care transformation." Correct D. "Improved data collection can result in more effective workforce planning." Correct E. "Improved data collection can result in more effective policy development." The Future of Nursing Report (2011), was compiled as the result of a two year initiative by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to address the need to transform the profession of nursing. The report determined that: nurses should attain higher level of nursing education, practice to the full extent of their education and training, and be full partners in health care transformation. Improved data collection and information infrastructure can result in more effective workforce planning and policy development. 9. The nurse professor is giving a lecture on the principles that Florence Nightingale established at St. Thomas school of nursing in London. Which statement(s) by one of the students indicates that the teaching has been effective? (Select all that apply.) A. "The curriculum should focus on practical experience." Correct B. "Professional nurse educators should be paid for their instruction." Correct C. "The nursing schools should be affiliated with a teaching hospital." Correct D. "Nurses should train in an educational institution supported by public funds." Correct E. "Male students should be welcomed into the profession." Florence Nightingale's principles established at St. Thomas school of nursing where considered highly innovated at the time. These principles stated: the curriculum should focus on theory and practical experience, professional nurse educators should be paid for their instruction, the nurse schools should be affiliated with a teaching hospital, and nurses should train in an educational institution supported by public funds. Nightingale envisioned nursing as a women's profession, and men were denied admission. 10. The nurse is considering enrolling in a distance learning program. Which questions should the nurse consider before enrolling? (Select all that apply.) A. Do I have the self-discipline to keep up with the course work? B. What is the minimal amount of work that I have to do to pass? Correct C. Do I learn better in a group setting? Correct D. Would I learn better working alone? Correct E. What technology is needed for success? The nurse should consider several questions before enrolling in a distance learning program. Does the nurse have the self-discipline to keep up with the course work? Is the nurse willing to do the required work? Does the nurse learn better in a group setting or by working alone? The nurse should also become an educated consumer by learning what technology is needed for success. CHAPTER 10 The Science of Nursing and Evidence-Based Practice 1. The student nurse is listening to a lecture on the different types of research. Which statement by the student nurse indicates that teaching has been effective? A. "Quantitative research involves systematic distortion of a finding from the data." B. "Quantitative research is known as naturalistic inquiry." C. "Qualitative research requires standardized experimental designs." D. "Qualitative research does not involve manipulation of variables." Correct Qualitative research does not involve the manipulation of variables; rather, qualities of the human experience are described and interpreted. Quantitative research, the traditional form of "doing science", requires standardized experimental designs with hypotheses, measurable variables and outcomes, and statistical analyses. Bias involves systematic distortion of a finding from the data. 2. The nurse professor is presenting a lecture on pure science. Which statement from one of the students indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Pure science involves systematic distortion of a finding from the data." B. "Pure science involves manipulation of variables." C. "Pure science summarizes and explains the universe without regard for whether the information is immediately useful." Correct D. "Pure science is the practical application of scientific theory and laws." Pure science summarizes and explains the universe without regard for whether the information is immediately useful. Systematic distortion of a finding from the data is called a bias. Quantitative research involves the manipulation of variables. Applied science is the practical application of scientific theory and laws. 3. The student nurse is listening to a lecture on inductive and deductive reasoning. Which statement indicates that further teaching is needed? A. "Inductive reasoning begins with a particular experience and proceeds to generalizations." B. "Research requires the use of only inductive reasoning." Correct C. "Deductive reasoning proceeds from the general case to the specific." D. "Conclusions drawn from deductive reasoning are called valid rather than true." Research requires both inductive and deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning begins with a particular experience and proceeds to generalizations. Deductive reasoning proceeds from the general case to the specific. Conclusions drawn from deductive reasoning are called valid rather than true. 4. The nurse professor is giving a lecture on the difference between research and problem solving. Which statement by one of the students indicates that teaching has been effective? A. "Research is specific to a given situation." B. "Research is designed for immediate action." C. "Problem-solving is generalizable." D. "Research deals with long-term solutions." Correct Research is different than problem solving. Problem solving is specific to a certain situation and is designed for immediate action. Research is generalizable, can be used in other situations and deals with long-term solutions. 5. How should the nurse initiate the research process? A. Examine the literature. B. Design a study. C. Formulate a hypothesis. D. Identify a researchable problem. Correct The first step in the research process is to identify a researchable problem. After the problem has been identified, the nurse can initiate the remaining steps in the research process. 6. The nurse researcher is presenting a lecture on data-collection instruments. Which statement indicates the need for further education? A. "Data collection tools must be high tech and complex to be accurate." Correct B. "Researchers must consider how the data will be collected." C. "The selected instrument must be reliable." D. "The tool must be valid." Researchers must consider how the data will be collected. Data collection instruments, sometimes called data collection tools, range from simple survey forms to complex radiographic scanning devices. The selected instrument must be reliable and valid. 7. The nurse is listening to a lecture on the outcomes of research in the nursing practice. Which statement indicates a need for further education? A. "Research has not created a lot of changes in nursing." Correct B. "Research has improved the care of patients with skin breakdown." C. "Research has prevented sleep deprivation by decreasing light and noise." D. "Research has led to scheduling pain medication more frequently after surgery." Research has led to a host of changes in nursing practice, such as: improving the care of patients with skin breakdown, preventing sleep deprivation by decreasing light and noise, and scheduling pain medication more frequently after surgery. 8. Which statement by the nurse indicates an understanding of how nursing research positively affects nursing? A. "Research creates changes that are not always good." B. "Research expands the nursing profession." Correct C. "Research creates more work for staff nurses." D. "Research leads to less pay for union nurses." Nursing research enhances the status of nursing as a profession by expanding nursing's scientific knowledge base. Researchers in other disciplines are then able to use the sound research as the foundation for their own work. 9. Which statement about financial support for nursing research indicates a need for further teaching? A. "Nursing research is often fairly inexpensive." Correct B. "Over the years, more funding for nursing research has been identified." C. "It is difficult for new researchers to obtain funding." D. "Nursing associations fund nursing research." Nursing research can be expensive, and often support takes many different forms. Over the years, more funding for nursing research has been identified, though funding can be difficult for new researchers to obtain. Universities, schools of nursing, hospitals and nursing associations contribute to research funding. 10. The nurse is would like to research how to best keep confused patients from wandering. What is the first step that the nurse should take? A. Review the literature. B. Create a study design. C. Call the local community college about funding. D. Identify a researchable problem. Correct The first step in the research process is to identify a researchable problem. Once the nurse has identified a researchable problem, the other steps can be initiated. CHAPTER 2 History and Social Context of Nursing 1. The nurse educator is presenting a lecture on the contributions of Florence Nightingale. Which statement from one of the students indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Nightingale established a hotel for sick and injured soldiers." B. "Nightingale was often referred to as a physician or doctress." C. "Nightingale founded the first school of nursing." Correct D. "Nightingale was a Jamaican nurse and business woman." Florence Nightingale founded the first school of nursing following the Crimean war, at St. Thomas Hospital in London. Mary Seacole established a hotel for sick and injured soldiers, was referred to as a physician or doctress, and was a Jamaican nurse and business woman. 2. The nurse educator is presenting a lecture on the contributions of Dorothy L. Dix. Which statement by one of the students indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Dix was a Jamaican and a business woman." B. "Dix founded the first school of nursing in London." C. "Dix sold food and drinks to officers and spectators during the Crimean war." D. "Dix was a long-time advocate for the mentally ill in the prewar years." Correct Dorothy L. Dix was a long-time advocate for the mentally ill in the prewar years. Mary Seacole was a Jamaican and a business woman. Seacole also operated as an entrepreneur, selling food and drinks to officers and spectators during the Crimean war. Florence Nightingale founded the first school of nursing in London. 3. The nurse is attending a lecture on Susie King Taylor. Which statement by the nurse indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Taylor taught soldiers, both African-American and white, how to read." Correct B. "Taylor founded the first school of nursing in London." C. "Taylor was a long-time advocate for the mentally ill in the prewar years." D. "Taylor worked as a herbalist, creating alternative treatments with plants and herbs." Susie King Taylor first worked as a laundress, then began to work as a nurse. She is noted for teaching soldiers, both African-American and white, how to read. Florence Nightingale founded the first school of nursing in London. Dorothy L Dix was a long-time advocate for the mentally ill in the prewar years. Mary Ann Bickerdyke worked as a herbalist, creating alternative treatments with plants and herbs. 4. The nurse is listening to a presentation on Harriet Tubman. Which statement by one of the other attendees indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Tubman worked as a herbalist, creating alternative treatments with plants and herbs." B. "Tubman set up field hospitals while accompanying the Ulysses S. Grant down the Mississippi River." C. "Tubman is known for making cleanliness a priority at hospital camps." D. "Tubman established the Underground Railroad, and led numerous slaves to freedom." Correct Tubman, a former slave, is noted for establishing the "underground railroad," and leading numerous slaves to freedom. Mary Ann Bickerdyke worked as a herbalist, creating alternative treatments with plants and herbs. She also set up field hospitals while accompanying the Ulysses S. Grant down the Mississippi River, making cleanliness a priority. 6. The nurse professor is presenting a lecture on Clara Barton. Which statement by one of the nurses indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Barton founded the American Red Cross." Correct B. "Barton created the "underground railroad" to help slaves escape to freedom." C. "Barton was referred to as a physician or doctress." D. "Barton was a famous abolitionist who took care of injured union soldiers." Clara Barton is a well-known nursing pioneer who founded the American Red Cross. Harriet Tubman created the "underground railroad", to help slaves escape to freedom. Mary Seacole was often referred to as a physician or doctress. Sojourner Truth was a famous abolitionist who took care of injured union soldiers. 5. The nurse has just finished listening to a lecture on the contributions of Sojourner Truth. Which statement by the nurse indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Truth founded the first school of nursing in London." B. "Truth was a famous abolitionist who took care of injured union soldiers." Correct C. "Truth was known as the Angel of the Battlefield." D. "Truth was a Jamaican Nurse and a business woman." Sojourner Truth was a famous abolitionist who took care of injured union soldiers. Florence Nightingale founded the first school of nursing in London. Clara Barton was known as the Angel of the Battlefield. Mary Seacole was a Jamaican Nurse and a business woman. 7. The nurse educator is giving a presentation about Phoebe Pember during nurse's week. Which statement by one of the attendees indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Pember was appointed "captain of Calvary, unassigned." B. "Pember founded the American Red Cross." C. "Pember was appointed matron of Chimborazo hospital in Richmond, Virginia." Correct D. "Pember established a private hospital in Richmond, Virginia." Phoebe Pember was one of the earliest women to be appointed as matron of a hospital. In 1862, she was appointed as matron of Chimborazo hospital in Richmond, Virginia. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Sallie Thompkins, who had previously established a private hospital, was appointed "captain of Calvary, unassigned" by Confederate President Jefferson Davis. 8. The nurse is presenting a lecture on the first nursing schools in the United States. Which statement by one of the attendees indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "The first nursing school open in the United States in 1902." B. "Linda Richards was the first trained nurse in the United States." Correct C. "The first three nursing schools were opened in Maine, Florida and Michigan." D. "Clara Barton was the first nurse graduate after the civil war." Linda Richards was the first trained nurse in the United States. The first nursing schools in the United States were opened in 1873; they were located in Boston, Massachusetts and New York. 9. The nurse is listening to a lecture regarding the nursing education of African Americans during the early 1900s. Which statement indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "African-Americans were strictly prohibited from entering a nursing school." B. "Mary Eliza Mahoney was the first professionally trained African-American nurse in the United States." Correct C. "Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary did not allow African-American students to apply." D. "African-American nurses often served as nursing professors." Mary Eliza Mahoney was the first professionally trained African-American Nurse in the United States. Some nursing schools in the north admitted a small number of African-American students, provided that they meet at admittance criteria. Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary was the first nursing school that exclusively trained African-American nurses. African-American nursing did not serve as nursing professors during this time period. 10. The nurse is presenting a lecture on nursing image, and how to keep this image positive. Which statement by the students indicates that further education is needed? A. "Ignore negative images in nursing." Correct B. "Contact those responsible for negative nursing images." C. "Boycott programs or films that promote negative images of nurses." D. "Contact those who share positive images of nursing." Ignoring negative images in nursing does not lead to change. Likely, it may encourage further promotion of these negative images. In order to promote a more positive image nurses should: contact those responsible for negative nursing images, boycott programs or films that promote negative images of nurses and contact those who share positive images of nursing. CHAPTER 3 NURSING'S PATHWAY TO PROFESSIONALISM 1. The nurse professor has just given a lecture on the process of professionalization. Which statement by one of the students indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Practitioners performed part-time work in their discipline." B. "A code of ethics was established first and foremost." C. "After determining work standards, legal protection was established." Correct D. "Licensure was obtained after all other steps have been met." The earliest learned professions generally followed a sequential development. First, licensed practitioners performed full-time work in their discipline. They determined work standards, created a body of knowledge and sought legal protection. Finally, they established a code of ethics. 2. The nurse case manager is discussing the difference between a profession and an occupation with a nursing student. Which statement should the nurse case manager make, to accurately define a profession? A. "Professionals will often change career paths." B. "Professionals are often motivated by reward." C. "Professionals often feel that they are called to their profession." Correct D. "Professionals do not consider their profession as an integral part of their lives." Professionals often feel that their profession is their calling. They often do not change career paths, they are not motivated by reward, and they feel as though their profession is an integral part of their lives. 3. The nurse professor has just provided a lecture on the influence of Esther Lucille Brown. Which statement by one of the nursing indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Brown called for nursing education to be based in colleges and universities." Correct B. "Brown called for nursing education to be shortened, due to a critical nursing shortage." C. "Brown called for nursing education to be hospital based." D. "Brown called for student nurses to work as hospital staff during their education." Esther Lucille Brown (1948) wrote Nursing for the Future, which called for nursing education to be based in colleges in universities. Brown did not call for nursing education to be shortened, or for student nurses to work as hospital staff during their education. 4. The nurse professor is giving a lecture on autonomy. Which statement indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Autonomy guides nurses in ethical decision making." B. "Autonomy means that the nurse has control over his/her own practice." Correct C. "Autonomy means that nurses are motivated by service." D. "Autonomy means that nurses consider their work an important component of their lives." Autonomy means that nurses have control over their own practice, and are responsible for their practice. Altruism means to be motivated by service to others, and to consider work an important part of one's life. The code of conduct guides nurses in ethical decision making. 5. The student is listening to a lecture on nursing standards of practice. Which statement by the student indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Standards of practice determine appropriate pay rates for nurses." B. "Standards of practice determine the hours in which nurse's work." C. "Standards of practice determine responsibilities to which nurses are held accountable." Correct D. "Standards of practice determine holiday rotations." The nursing scope and standards of practice establish standards to improve the health and well-being of all recipients of nursing care, and to establish the responsibilities to which nurses are held accountable. The standards of practice do not determine appropriate pay rates, hours of work or holiday rotations. 6. How can the nurse manager take the first step to reduce the barriers to professionalism in nursing? A. Remain positive and ignore the barriers. B. Encourage employees to work hard. C. Identify the barriers to professionalism in nursing. Correct D. Reward employees who go above and beyond. The first step to reducing barriers to professionalism is to identify what those barriers are. Once the barriers have been identified, the nurse manager can begin taking steps to reduce them. 7. The nurse is listening to a lecture about The Magnet Recognition Program. Which statement indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "20% of US hospitals have obtained Magnet status." B. "Magnet status is given to hospitals that serve the most patients." C. "Magnet status recognizes nursing excellence." Correct D. "Magnet status is given for hospitals that retain physicians." The Magnet Recognition Program is a credentialing demonstrating organizational recognition of nursing excellence. The Magnet credential was established to recognize hospitals that attract and retain nurses, acknowledging that this achieves better patient outcomes. Approximately 7% of registered US hospitals have obtained Magnet status. 8. Using Flexner's criteria of professionalism, which attributes make nursing a profession? (Select all that apply.) A. Is basically physical and is accompanied by a high level of personal responsibility. Correct B. Is practical, in addition to being theoretical. Correct C. Has practitioners who are motivated by altruism. Correct D. Has practitioners who are responsive to public interest. Correct E. Has a strong internal organization of members. Flexner's criterion stipulates that a profession is practical, in addition to being theoretical. A profession also has practitioners who are motivated by altruism, are responsive to public interest and has a strong internal organization of members. A profession is basically intellectual, as opposed to physical, and is accompanied by a high level of personal responsibility. 9. The nurse educator has given a lecture on the difference between the term "profession" and "occupation." Which statement(s) by one of the students indicates that the teaching has been effective? (Select all that apply.) A. "The words profession and occupation are often used interchangeably." Correct B. "The word profession means a calling or vocation." C. "The two words mean the same thing in nursing." Correct D. "The word occupation is defined as a person's regular work." E. "An occupation is a calling to work that possess characteristics of expertise." According to Collins English Dictionary, the word "occupation" is defined as a person's regular work. "Profession" is defined as a calling or vocation. A profession is a calling to work that possess characteristics of expertise. 10. Which actions can the nurse take to demonstrate collegiality? (Select all that apply.) A. Refuse to mentor nursing students because of short staffing. Correct B. Share the latest nursing research with colleagues. Correct C. Become an active member of professional organizations. Correct D. Assist researchers with data gathering. Correct E. Publish in professional literature. Collegiality is an important aspect of professionalism in nursing. Acts of collegiality include, but are not limited to: sharing the latest research with colleagues, become an active member of professional organizations, assist researchers with data gathering and publish in professional literature. Refusing to mentor a nursing student does not demonstrate collegiality. CHAPTER 5 Becoming a Professional Nurse 1. The nurse is listening to a lecture on the pioneers of early nursing, including the works of Hildegard Peplau. Which statement by the nurse indicates that teaching has been effective? A. "Peplau developed the self-care theory of nursing." Correct B. "Peplau believed that the patient should be an active collaborator in care." C. "Peplau included the concept of the nursing process in her definition of nursing." D. "Peplau wrote the popular book, Notes on Nursing: What it is and What it is Not." Hildegard Peplau was an early pioneer and psychiatric nurse, who believed that the patient should be an active collaborator in care. Dorothy Orem was another pioneer who developed the self-care theory, and believed that the nurse should only perform activities for the patient that the patient could not complete, due to illness or injury. Martha Rodgers included the concept of the nursing process in her definition of nursing. Florence Nightingale wrote the popular book, Notes on Nursing: What it is and What it is Not. 2. The nursing professor is giving a lecture on Lai and Lim's conditions that are part of professional socialization in nursing. Which statement by one of the students indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Structural conditions include traditions in society that shape how one becomes a professional nurse." B. "Structural conditions that influence how one becomes a professional nurse include languages and symbols." C. "Cultural conditions that influence how one becomes a professional nurse include job descriptions." D. "Structural conditions that influence how one becomes a professional nurse include workplace policies." Correct Structural conditions that influence how one becomes a professional include rules, including: job conditions, workplace policies and carrying out prescriptions for care for physicians and other healthcare providers. Cultural conditions that influence how one becomes a professional includes traditions, symbols and languages and other idea systems in a society. 3. The nurse professor has just given a lecture on informal socialization. Which statement indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Informal socialization includes all activities that are pre-planned." B. "An example of informal socialization is assessing a patient after a fall." Correct C. "Informal socialization is not an effective method of teaching." D. "A student can take part in informal socialization by attending nursing clinicals." E. "Informal socialization can be learned through reviewing literature." Information socializing is an excellent educational tool that is learned incidentally from unplanned situations, such as assessing a patient after a fall. 4. The student is attending a lecture on biases. Which statement indicates that further education is needed? A. "I don't need to worry about baises." Correct B. "Unexamined biases are more likely to influence behaviors than examined ones." C. "Nurses need to be aware of their baises." D. "Nurses need to discuss biases with peers, faculty or mentors." Unexamined biases are more likely to influence behaviors than examined ones. Therefore it is important that the nurse understand personal biases, in order to prevent them from affecting nursing practice. Nurses can and should be discuss biases with peers, faculty or mentors. 5. The student nurse has self-identified with stage one of Cohen's Model of Basic Student Socialization. Which actions are expected for this nurse? A. The student's critical thinking abilities expand. B. The student will rely on external limits established by the clinical instructor. Correct C. The student learns to test concepts. D. The student develops a more realistic appraisal process. Cohen's Model of Basic Student Socialization consists of four stages that student's progress through. A student in stage one of Cohen's model wound rely on external limits established by the clinical instructor. Students in stage two would have expanded critical thinking. Students in stage three would develop a more realistic appraisal process and learn to test concepts. 6. The nursing instructor is planning assignments for a group of nursing students. Which characteristics should the nurse expect from students in Benner's novice stage? A. Marginally competent performance B. Student who relies rigidly on rules Correct C. Base their actions on theory and principles, but have difficulty establishing priorities D. Are able to think abstractly and analytically Students in Benner's novice stage or stage I have little background to base their clinical behavior, and rely rigidly on rules. Students in the advanced beginner stage, or stage II are marginally competent, and base their actions on theory and principles, but have difficulty establishing priorities. Students in the competent practitioner's stage, or stage III are able to think abstractly and analytically. 7. The nurse is caring for a terminally ill patient in the hospital. Which action shows that the nurse is in Benner's expert practitioner's stage, or stage IV? A. "Does not allow extra visitors in the patient's room." B. "Has difficulty establishing priorities." C. "Relies rigidly on the rules." D. "Suggests that the patient's wife bring the family dog for a visit." Correct The nurse in Benner's expert practitioner stage, or stage IV, understands that family experiences and traditions are important to honor as death approaches. The nurse recognizes these as important, and will break the rules for the benefit of the patient. Nurses in Benner's novice stage, or stage I, rely rigidly on rules and therefore may not allow extra visitors. Nurses in the advanced beginner stage, or stage II, base their practice on theory and principles, and tend to have difficulty establishing priorities. 8. A group of nursing students are listening to a lecture on nursing history and the many definitions of nursing. Which statement(s) by one of the students indicates that the teaching has been effective? (Select all that apply.) A. "Giving nursing a clear definition encourages higher wages." Correct B. "A definition establishes boundaries." Correct C. "A definition clarifies the purpose of nursing." Correct D. "Having a definition clarifies the functions of nursing." Correct E. "A definition guides educational preparation of nurses." Having a clear definition of nursing establishes boundaries, clarifies the purpose and functions of nursing and guides educational preparation of nurses. Having a clear definition does not necessarily encourage higher wages for nurses. 9. Which formal socialization activities can the student nurse take part in to build skills? (Select all that apply.) A. Attending lectures Correct B. Nursing clinicals Correct C. Starting an IV D. Overhearing nurses discuss patient care E. Observing an unplanned intervention for a patient Formal socialization proceeds in an orderly building-block fashion, and includes: attending lectures, nursing clinicals and starting an IV. Overhearing nurses discuss patient care, and observing an unplanned intervention for a patient are considered informal socialization. Informal socialization are events that occur incidentally.